Tamra Phetcharat Maha-yant (yantra manual)

Explanation of the Method of Yantra Numbers

I shall now narrate the methods of the various yantra numbers so as to make them thoroughly clear and certain. But before you make or study this manual, you must first pay respect to the Buddha, the Dhamma, the Sangha, and to your father, mother, preceptor (upajjhaya), the great king, and the teacher who compiled and composed this manual. Then take this text and place it upon a tray or table, prostrate, and silently wish in your heart that its sanctity may come to you, the student of this manual. At minimum you must offer 3 candles, 3 incense sticks, flowers of 3 colors, and 6 salueng of money; at most, a pig's head, a pair of sacred leaf-decorations (bai si), 5 candles, 5 puffed-rice offerings, 5 incense sticks, sweet red and white boiled rice cakes, young coconut, a face-washing bowl, and 6 baht of money — you must pay homage to the teacher. Only then may you study or perform the practice; this alone makes it usable. As for you who will make these yantras, you must first know the origin of the yantra — how it arose, by what method, for what purpose, and what it signifies — you must contemplate this thoroughly throughout. The underlying reason for the yantra is this: it represents the umbilical cord of the Buddha, whose line runs back and forth. If the yantra's shape is round, it signifies the face of Brahma, or it may be the countenance of the Buddha. A square yantra signifies the four elements or the four continents. And small triangular yantras signify the Buddha, the Dhamma, the Sangha, or the three worlds. For instance, if the number 9 appears above any single character, it is understood to represent the 'unalome' — the nine names of the Buddha, beginning with 'Arahang' and ending with 'Buddho Bhagavati,' called the 'nine directions of virtue' (nawa horakhun). You should memorize these marks firmly and without error, so that these yantra numbers will be sacred. But as for yantras concerning figures — images of humans, of deities, of Hanuman, and of animals — these must be adjusted or consecrated with all of the thirty-two [bodily marks/aspects]

— completely, or one may write them the same way. But as for yantras bearing the sun and moon, this signifies that we humans, born into the world, are given the sun and moon to know [time/direction] by. But in some places the tip of the yantra, or above a character within the yantra, simply bears the number 5 — this is understood to mean that there are 5 Buddhas who attained enlightenment in the world. In some places the number 3 signifies the Triple Gem. Sometimes a plain center-point signifies that the Buddha is unique/foremost in the world. In some places there is an arrow, signifying the arrow of Indra, used for warding off various dangers. As for yantras in some places called 'mahaniyom' (great popularity charms), sometimes another person's name is inscribed, or the name of whomever, or a name of a person in general — you must concentrate with intent as though you truly see [that person], with your eyes fixed upon the name you have inscribed. The formula for invoking that person's name is as follows: 'Namo nangsamaso yukhaktho yuttattha' for the name (name: ...........); if male, use 'ai this-one, ai that-one'; if female, use 'i this-one, i that-one.' Then inscribe the true name of the person desired, firmly and steadily fixed within our own mind, clearly. As for the formula for invoking that person, I have already given it above. One more thing: when sitting with the candle, you must concentrate intently toward whichever direction the person you desire is in — you must gaze in that direction. You must consider that the disposition of their mind and ours surely share the same five elements alike, comparable to electricity which travels swiftly — when we think of them here, the person there will likewise know, because there is no difference in the nature of the human mind; all humans breathe and have thoughts that wander here and there. Just as when we wish for someone to come, their mind will indeed come likewise; when we wish to be loved, we shall indeed be loved likewise — just as we love any particular person, and wish that they love us in return, we must fix our intent as though we already love that person, and they in turn will love us just as we love them. These arts depend on the mind being genuine: if our mind perceives that it is attained, then it is attained; if the mind perceives that it is not yet attained, then indeed it is not attained. Therefore one must concentrate with the mind until one truly perceives love as real, and it will become real — no different from our own mind. It is like the unalome bearing the number 9 turned back toward the bottom, which is the 'u' curl itself — this signifies all the Noble Ones (Ariya) who have attained Arahant[ship]

— has already ended, that is, the strand of craving-attachment (tanha) is severed and no longer stirs or flares up as it does in us ordinary beings. Therefore the breath that runs straight to Nirvana, straight to the center point at the crown of the head, is called the 'unalome' — running straight, not wavering as we ordinary people do. For this reason, all manner of yantras place the unalome at the very tip/end, signifying that the yantra is thereby completed. You must fix this mark firmly in memory so that the yantra is truly accomplished. As for the formula used when inscribing a yantra, some teachers use a single name-formula to accompany every yantra, while others have special formulas specific to each yantra — it all depends on the method and the opinion of that particular teacher. You must consider carefully which formula is suitable for that yantra's shape. For instance, for a four-cornered or eight-cornered yantra, or one with a woven/interlaced pattern, you must recite the formula: 'Catukoṭṭhā mahāyantaṃ santaṃ vikiriṅkare,' so as to land exactly on the corner; when you draw to another corner it must likewise land exactly with the formula, the same for every corner alike. If you draw and do not reach the corner but stop partway, that is reckoned spoiled. If you wish it not to be spoiled, there must be a further formula, which goes: 'Sandhiyantaṃ santaṃ vikiriṅkare.' As for a square yantra with a center line but no woven pattern, this is called the 'bone yantra' (kraduk yant); for this you must learn the formula: 'Aṭṭhi yantaṃ santaṃ vikiriṅkare.' For a yantra bearing any number whatsoever, you must recite the formula: 'Lekha yantaṃ santaṃ vikiriṅkare.' For instance, a yantra bearing an inverted Buddha figure — you must write the head first; the formula for inscribing the head is: 'Sīsa buddhā panaṣ jāyate' — 'may [the head] thus come into being as the sacred body.' The formula for inscribing the feet must be: 'Pāda buddhā panaṣ jāyate' — 'may the feet thus come into being.' Some yantras have the inverted Buddha figure together with a moon-disc center placed upon that figure once more, and an unalome placed upon that center again. If it is a half-moon, the formula must be: 'Aḍḍhacandā panaṣ jāyate.' If there is a center-point upon that moon again, the formula must be: 'Suññakāro hotu sambhavo' — 'may it thus come into being as the void-center.' And for the unalome, the formula must be: 'Uṇṇālomā panaṣ jāyate, asaṃvisulo pusabhupha satthuno buddho' — 'may it thus come into being as the unalome.' Likewise, some yantras must be written in a single unbroken stroke from start to finish; if not done in one unbroken stroke —

— then that yantra will not be sacred. In connecting the lines, this must all be accomplished in one single pass. For some yantras it is forbidden for a letter or number to fail to touch the line at all, or to cross over the line — this is reckoned as the yantra number being spoiled, or is called a 'blind yantra.' For this reason, for all yantras whatsoever, you must fix your mindfulness steadily upon that yantra, not letting your mind wander into other matters, and only then draw the yantra to match exactly with its formula. The hand must be steady and the mindfulness must be exact — only then will the intended result of that yantra be achieved. And some classes of yantra require that the consecration be done 'within oneself,' called a formula 'within the self.' You should consider this carefully: what is meant by 'within oneself' is that one takes the very characters within that yantra and uses them for the consecration or the writing — that is what is correct. For some classes of yantra you are not given any formula to place or to consecrate with at all — only the method of use is told; you must know this too: it is called 'punching the ground with a fist' (a fixed idiom, meaning it is simply the ordinary/basic formula itself). According to your own judgment, you may choose whatever formula seems fitting. But for the awakening-consecration (pluk sek) itself, you must use the Buddha-virtues (Buddhaguna) and Dhamma-virtues (Dhammaguna). Some teachers use 'Namo me' through to 'Sakayapungkhavoti' — this too is acceptable. Some teachers use the five [Buddhas]; some use the sixteen Buddhas. Some teachers recite the Buddha-virtues in reverse order, according to whatever they are accustomed to. Some classes of yantra have their own specific formula and specific consecration-katha and specific method, as already described in the manual — therefore I need not narrate at great length; you should ponder this further using your own wisdom. As for the many 'na' (นะ) characters found in this manual without an accompanying formula, there are well over a hundred kinds, each with its own distinctive name — whichever path its name follows, it belongs to that path: for instance a 'na' named 'kan' (protection) is simply protective; a 'na' named 'khong' (invulnerability) is simply for invulnerability; a 'na' named 'metta' (loving-kindness) is simply for loving-kindness; a 'na' named 'khlaeo khlat' (evasion of danger) is simply for evasion of danger — you need not doubt this. But for these 'na' that have no prescribed formula, you must use the 'patthamang' formula as the basis, and there is a further name-formula for invoking its particular name. As for the awakening-katha, you may choose freely: if it is for loving-kindness, use any metta-katha whatsoever to awaken it; if it is for invulnerability, use any invulnerability-katha to consecrate it — this is not forbidden. You should understand it according to what I have repeatedly explained here, and that should be sufficient to understand.

— or you may make it into a powder, inscribe it on a takrut, tattoo it, or inscribe it on a pha prajiat (sacred cloth); you may also inscribe it on prayer beads — all are usable as you see fit, without restriction. The 'patthamang' formula is as follows: 'Paṭhamaṃ bindukaṃ jātaṃ, dutiyaṃ daṇḍam eva ca, tatiyaṃ Phet chakañ jeva, jacutthaṃ aṅkusambhavaṃ, pañcamaṃ sirisañjātaṃ' — this becomes whatever 'na' character it is intended to be. And the formula for naming it is as follows: 'Nāmanaṃ samāso yuttattho yuttattha' for the name [of the na character] — if it is a metta-na, give it the name 'metta'; if it is a khong-na, likewise give it the name 'khong'; if it is a niyom-na, likewise give it the name 'niyom.' With this much, you should now understand all of them thoroughly.

Method of Awakening (Consecrating) a Yantra — You Must Prepare Your Mind as Follows

If it concerns invulnerability, resistance to weapons, or self-protection, you must prepare your mind to be strong — hard as a diamond or stone; whether awakening or consecrating, it is done in the same manner. If you would prepare your mind for great charm (maha-sane), you must prepare your mind to be soft, gentle, and tender, free of anger, and ever fresh and bright — this will then become a great charm or a thing that is universally admired; whether consecrating or awakening, it is the same manner, and this is reckoned as accomplishing the aim of loving-kindness and popularity (metta mahaniyom) in one part. If you would prepare your mind for rank, honor, prestige, wealth, fortune, and glory, you must prepare your mind as follows: you must relinquish entirely whatever burdens exist in the disposition of your mind, then make your mind steady and firm, and prepare it once more. As for the things we desire — money, gold, gain, and rank — then spread loving-kindness of mind down upon those very things again, until the mind is free of all hindrances (nivarana); only then will the things you desire come to fulfill your wish. Whether awakening or consecrating, it is done in the same manner.

14

[Figure: a square yantra grid of 6 columns by 4 rows, each cell marked with a khom character; illegible.]

This yantra, inscribed on lead, is placed to seal a house door against all manner of enemies. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible]

[Figure: a small rectangle divided into two rows; the top row bears characters read as 'kaba,' the bottom row bears the numeral 9 and the character 'ya.']

This yantra, inscribed [on a wrapping placed with] a cigarette, binds animals. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible] 3

[Figure: a triangular yantra divided into rows of Thai numerals, from the apex downward: 5 / 5 / 5, 7, 7 / 8, 4, 1 / 2, 5, 3, 2, 5.]

This yantra, inscribed on paper, is placed to seal the gable of a house. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible]

15

[Figure: a square yantra grid of 5 columns by 5 rows, each cell marked with a khom character; illegible.]

This yantra, inscribed on a pillow, binds [a person] so they cannot rise. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible] 'I have already given you my heart — whatever you do, you cannot [harm] me.' [khom-script incantation, illegible], 109 times.

[Figure: a square frame with crossed diagonal lines forming an X, a khom character at the center; the upper corners bear characters that are illegible, the lower corners bear the numerals 3 and 11.]

This yantra, inscribed inside a beeswax lip-balm case [remainder of this line illegible], serves as a love-charm. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible] [khom-script incantation, illegible] Consecrate according to the power of the day [text cut off at the edge of the page].

16

[Figure: a large square-frame yantra, with words along its four edges reading 'Sawatdiphak' (upper-left) and 'Arahang Phuttho' (upper-right), together with small four-celled boxes bearing khom characters at both upper corners. At the center is a drop/flame shape containing a tiered stupa and khom characters. Below it is a stepped, pyramid-shaped yantra with khom characters, each row ending in a small stupa icon.]

This 'sheltering-bird' yantra, inscribed in medicine/ink, is placed on a post as protection against fire. Consecrate with: 1) 'Sawatdiphak, Arahang Phutta, Sawatdiphak,' 'Arahang bhavana' [text illegible], 'chat,' 'renowned power' (reuang rit), 'kam,' [symbol], 27 [times].

[Figure: a small triangular yantra with three khom-character cells.] Consecrate with: 'Ma-a-u' [khom-script incantation, illegible] 'pasilokanti arahang.'

[Figure: a rectangular frame divided into two rows — the top row has three khom-character cells each with a small stupa icon, the bottom row is a band of khom text.]

This yantra wards off [black magic/harm]; inscribed on a takrut, colored, on paper placed in the middle of the back for endurance; it may also seal against fire. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible], 37 [times].

17

[Figure: a circular yantra divided by crossing lines into 9 cells bearing Thai numerals — top row 2, 8, 4; middle row 7, [center cell], 3; bottom row 6, 1, 5 — forming a magic square.]

This yantra, inscribed on a takrut, is tied to a child's wrist to ward off spirits. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible], 'wihan sitthi,' [symbol].

[Figure: a 3-by-3 grid yantra bearing Thai numerals — top row 2, 1, 5; middle row 5, 6, 3; bottom row 3, 5, 5 — another magic-square arrangement.]

This yantra, inscribed on paper, is placed in the house as protection against fire. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible]

[Figure: a small rectangular frame divided into two rows; the top row bears the numeral 3 and a character that is illegible; the bottom row bears a repeated character, illegible, in two cells.]

For a woman who has no breast milk: take a leaf [text illegible] ... raise the hand at the market, and milk will come. [end mark]

18

[Figure: a rectangular frame divided into two rows of six cells, bearing Thai numerals — top row 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 5; bottom row 1, 3, 3, 5, 5.]

This yantra, inscribed on lead, is placed to seal a door against spirits. Consecrate with: 'Thammachak' (Dhamma-wheel), [symbol], 'Satipitok,' 1, [and] 1, the six zodiac signs, [symbol], 27 [times].

[Figure: a square frame divided by crossed diagonal lines into four triangular cells, each marked with a khom character; illegible.]

Seals shut the mouth of a person [text illegible], protects against thieves.

[Figure: a small square frame divided into four cells, each bearing a repeated khom character; illegible.]

This yantra, inscribed on a takrut and tied to a child's wrist, restores a lost voice. Consecrate with: [khom-script incantation, illegible] Consecrate according to the power of the day.

19

[Figure: a large square-frame yantra with words along its four edges and corners, partly legible as 'Sawatdiphak' (upper-left) and 'Arahang Phuttho' (upper-right), together with small four-celled boxes of khom characters at all four corners. Within the frame are two overlapping diamond (rotated-square) shapes joined by diagonal lines, each intersection point marked with a Thai numeral.]

This 'living sheltering-bird' yantra seals a door against fire. Consecrate with this katha: 1) 'Sawatdiphak, Arahang Phutta, Sawatdiphak,' 'Arahang bhavana, bhavana, thanikun,' 'chat,' 'renowned power of the mantra' (reuang rit mon), [symbol], 318 [times].

[Figure: a similar square-frame yantra with two overlapping diamond shapes joined by diagonal lines within it; each corner labeled with words that are illegible, and Thai numerals marking each intersection point.]

This 'sheltering-bird-in-itself' yantra is placed on a post as protection against fire; consecrate within oneself, 29 [times].

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra, with an arrow pointing down to the lower left] This yantra, inscribed on lead, closes the house door and wards off ghosts, guards against dangerous animals — consecrate it with the master's formula [not legible], and it will increase [one's fortune], repeated.

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra, joined by a curly brace to its caption] Keep this yantra at home and silver and gold will be abundant. Inscribed on lead.

[Figure: a 2x2 khom-script grid yantra, joined by a curly brace to its caption] [This yantra] closes the house door — burglars cannot break into the house.

[Figure: a square divided diagonally into 8 triangular compartments, each containing khom-script characters, not legible with confidence] [Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] Write this and place it in a money pouch; it seals the windows against thieves, and money spent from it never runs out.

[Figure: a circular yantra divided into eight compartments, each containing a numeral and khom-script characters] This yantra, inscribed on paper, wards off danger and guards against animals. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible], once, repeated.

[Figure: a many-petalled lotus yantra with rings of numerals and khom-script characters at its centre] This yantra, inscribed on paper, wards off harm from people. Take it and consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible], repeated.

[Figure: a tall rectangular yantra frame with a spiral, eye-like symbol at its centre] This yantra, inscribed on lead and placed inside a water bottle, lets a child play and drink [from it] to ward off harm. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a circular yantra divided into four compartments with the khom-script letters ก ญ ณ ข] This yantra, [given] by a man to a woman, so that she will grow fond of him. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a house-shaped yantra, a triangular roof joined to a square body, marked with khom-script characters] This yantra, [placed] on a wife's pillow, [keeps her] love deep, never to be forgotten. Consecrate it with the Great King['s formula], indeed.

[Figure: a cross-shaped yantra ringed with khom-script characters and a spiral at its centre] This yantra, [worn] in a compact/case, [makes] the mouth/lips charming — speaking to any creature wins its heart without deceit; once [a man and woman] have become a couple, consecrate it during the rains-retreat [period] with the sovereign's formula, of great power [remainder not legible].

[Figure: a diamond-shaped yantra with khom-script characters in each compartment] This yantra, inscribed on paper and placed in a bowl [meant] for water — fill the bowl and consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible]. Drink it; its effect lasts three days.

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] This yantra, inscribed on paper, seals the tip of a house post. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] This yantra, inscribed on paper, seals a wire loop/ring. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] This yantra, inscribed on paper, seals the tip of a large house post. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra, with spiral-like marks in some of its cells] This yantra, inscribed on paper, seals the house against ghosts. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] This yantra, inscribed on paper, seals the tip of a house post against fire. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a small square yantra with the same khom-script characters repeated in its four compartments] This yantra, [placed] on a betel leaf and given to an animal to eat, [inspires] deep affection. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a small square yantra with the same khom-script characters repeated in its four compartments] This yantra is written for love; consecrate it and place it in a woman's cloth. [A spell formula, not legible.]

[Figure: a triangular yantra with a row of khom-script characters] Write it to seal a lid/cover against every kind of harm.

[Figure: a large square yantra containing a nested diamond at its centre, with khom-script labels at its four corners and numerals filling the diamond's compartments] [Labels at the four corners, not legible] This yantra can be used [to protect] a person, and can also be used to seal a door; it guards against every kind of enemy — consecrate it oneself.

[Figure: a diamond nested within a square frame, marked with numerals and khom-script characters] This yantra, inscribed on paper, [wards off] poison. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

Khunphon (the North-East) Chanet (?) Taksin (the South) Horadi (the South-West) Pachim (the West) Phayap (the North-West) Udon (the North) Isan (the North-East) [Figure: eight 3x3 grid yantras, one for each of the eight directions, each filled with khom-script characters]

These eight yantras, named for the eight directions, can seal a servant's dwelling, and can also be used to perform rites. They are especially powerful — once venerated and consecrated, no harm whatsoever can come. Consecrate and attach [one to] each of these eight directions.

[Figure: a stupa/bell-shaped yantra, with a 3x3 numeral grid at the top and bands of khom-script characters arranged in tiers below] This boundary-marker yantra is placed at the eight directions to ward off evil spirits. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a small square frame containing numerals arranged in three rows] This yantra, [placed] on a house post, wards off every kind of harm.

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra, with heart-like marks in some of its cells] This yantra protects a child from being seized by a ghost. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: four repeated curved khom-script characters] [Placed on] the lid — seals the compact/case shut.

[Figure: a 2x2 grid with a repeated character] [Placed on] the underside of the lid — brings loving-kindness. This yantra dissolves away all [ill will] (making everyone fond [of the bearer]).

[Figure: a four-petalled flower yantra, each petal marked with the numeral 1] This yantra is written on a betel leaf; eating it brings good fortune to the mouth [charm and eloquence in speech]. Wait, and it will be given to you, indeed.

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] This yantra wards off ghosts; consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible], repeated, and so it is.

[Figure: a triangle with a dot at its centre, alongside two small circles marked with khom-script characters] This yantra, inscribed on a printed scroll, for making a saṅgha offering. Consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a circular yantra divided all around into compartments, each containing khom-script characters] This yantra, inscribed on a printed scroll, for making a saṅgha offering; consecrate it with [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] This yantra soothes and wards off [ill fortune from] the sky; consecrate against [a spell formula, not legible], 304 times.

[Figure: a 4x4 numeral grid yantra] Inscribe on a palm leaf, soak in orange-flower water, [to] soothe a child and make it beautiful, indeed.

[Figure: two 3x3 numeral grid yantras, marked with khom-script characters] Inscribe on a takrut [rolled amulet] to guard the mind from being seized [by fear/possession].

[Figure: a square frame divided in half, with numerals and khom-script characters marking its four sides] Setthaya [a name/title] — [a spell formula, not legible].

[Figure: a 2x2 numeral grid yantra with a repeated khom-script character] Write it and place it where one sleeps; it makes a person's heart grow infatuated.

[Figure: a circle with a khom-script character at its centre and around its rim] Raise a child's hand to protect it from a possessing spirit — clearly effective.

[Figure: a square divided diagonally into a cross, with khom-script characters marking its four compartments and centre] Write this yantra and place it there; [with it] one cannot be harmed.

[Figure: a small square frame marked with khom-script characters] [This] seals [something] to cause pain; write the yantra and soak it in water, drink it to relieve pain.

[Figure: a square yantra with a nested diamond, marked with numerals] Make this into a takrut [amulet scroll] for an easy childbirth, indeed.

[page 32]

[diagram: a square with a rhombus (diamond) inscribed inside; eight khom-script characters radiate outward from the four corners and the four side-midpoints, each accompanied by a wavy, flame- or lightning-like stroke; further khom characters sit at the corners of the square and of the diamond, and one character sits inside a small circle at the very centre of the yantra]

For this yantra: when inscribing it, press the stylus hard, seven [times]. Chant while marking the tattoo-needle: 'sabbe cha na pahu cha, nā mettā sukhaṃ, ja mahā lābhaṃ, piyaṃ' [a Pali-derived incantation formula, kept as transcribed rather than translated word-for-word]. May the whole recitation be spent in the writing, so that that person will love only us.

[diagram: a 3×3 magic-square grid, each cell holding a khom character]

'Isakasu, susādi, sunakhanta' [incantation formula, kept as transcribed] — this yantra, when inscribed and worn layered [with other charms], protects against edged weapons; brings escape from danger; is used to enchant the tattoo-needle, and to enchant [illegible] — it grants lasting protection over the wearer's own person.

[page 33]

Front side Back side

[diagram: a grid of 4 columns by 5 rows, each cell holding a khom character, its four edges bordered with further khom syllables and small conch-shell-shaped marks] [diagram: a square with a crossed diagonal and an inscribed diamond, khom characters filling the compartments, its four edges likewise bordered with khom syllables and conch-shell-shaped marks]

When inscribing these characters, use this [herbal ingredient/wan] as a base [illegible details of preparation] — grind the root [illegible] without letting [the mixture] go astray; gather the ingredients at the appointed place, then cast [the amulet] in gold, silver, copper, or tin — lead will also do.

Cast it for invulnerability and personal charisma, as a single cylindrical scroll-amulet (takrut thon). If you intend to seek an audience with an official, lord, or prince, tuck it in your pocket; wear it fastened on your back for a year. Likewise [use it] when going to war — chant over it repeatedly; it is an especially potent charm.

Namo buddhāya arahaṃ lokithai mavaju namaphathajaphasangphu visangsuphol sangphasangsuphol visangsuphollo kajaphasaphasaka jasakajapha [a Pali-derived incantation formula, kept as transcribed rather than translated word-for-word]. [A kata said to] 'open the world and reveal treasure' — chant it, working it ten [times]. (To be recited a full three hundred thousand times.)

[page 34]

[diagram: four 3×3 magic-square grids set side by side, each cell holding a khom character, with a small alms-bowl-shaped mark at the centre of each grid]

[diagram: a further 3×3 magic-square grid, each cell holding a khom character, bordered above and to the side with wavy strokes and khom syllables] All five of these yantra, when cast as amulet-scrolls, ward off weapons and edged blades alike — every one of the yantra works the same way.

[diagram: a square with a diamond inscribed inside, khom characters marking the corners of both the square and the diamond] [diagram: a square with khom characters marking its four corners]

This yantra, cast as a scroll to be swallowed/worn inside [an amulet ball] — once written and bound on, it wards off all manner of things [illegible]; it drives away and repels all manner of harm [illegible].

(ra) — a mantra worn pressed against the back,

Δ — a mantra worn pressed against the back.

[page 35]

[diagram: a circle divided into three concentric bands, each band split into compartments by direction like an astrological chart; each compartment holds a Thai/khom character; the centre compartment is left blank]

This yantra is placed under the bedding for a woman in childbirth. It brings complete [protection through] the whole confinement period, quiets the stomach/appetite. It can also serve for love [charms] — one may claim it works for that too. Chant it with [illegible] ... [illegible line of ritual-legal terms] ... the sage/hermit teaches, through fragrance, well.

[diagram: a circle divided into three concentric bands, split into compartments by direction; each compartment holds a Thai/khom character; the centre compartment holds a cloud-like mark]

This yantra is used made as a wick for a candle for working [magic]. Have it disappear — write the name in the middle, add salt, name it with nine grains, and let it stand as a candle, worked together with this recitation. The incantation lasts nine [repetitions] ... [several lines of ritual-technical terms, largely illegible] ... it is set out in detail; keeping water with it works especially well.

[page 36]

[diagram: a khom character shaped like a two-turn spiral/snail-shell coil, with a flame-like wavy stroke above it] [an incantation formula in Thai script rendering Pali-like sounds, kept as transcribed rather than translated word-for-word]

This Na-charm is for women — it may be used as face-powder or rubbed on the body; chant it upon oneself.

[diagram: six spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs, arranged in two rows of three]

Na: Phrom (Brahma), Na: Tri Phet (Triple Diamond), Na: Chao (Lord),

Na: At (Endure), Na: Mut (Conceal), Na: Ban (Bind).

[page 37]

[diagram: fifteen spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs arranged in four rows, the last row holding three]

Na: Not-flying, Na: Bond, Na: Sage-Teacher, Na: World-Circle,

Na: Steadfast, Na: Unbreakable-when-struck, Na: Power, Na: Turning-Round,

Na: Sinking-not-gold, Na: Sealed-mouth, Na: Rahu, Na: Tiger,

Na: Brahma-of-the-Four-Quarters, Na: [illegible], Na: Crow-power.

[page 38]

[diagram: nine spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs arranged in three rows]

Na: Corner, Na: Sangkha-power, Na: Gold-exhausted,

Na: Bound-Wheel, Na: Buddho, Na: Binding,

Na: [illegible], Na: The Prince, Na: The Royal Sword.

[page 39]

[diagram: twelve spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs arranged in four rows]

Na: [illegible], Na: Boat-landing, Wind.

Na: Moon, Na: Exhausted, Na: Dwelling-still,

Na: Lion, Na: Season, Na: Flicked-away,

Na: [illegible], Na: [illegible], Na: Cannot-be-done.

[page 40]

[diagram: six spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs arranged in two rows]

Na: Departed, Na: Brahma, Na: Fainted-away,

Na: Ungraspable, Na: Middle-way, Na: Gear/Cog,

[A Pali-derived incantation formula, kept as transcribed rather than translated word for word.] The Lord Buddha's teaching brings loving-kindness. Namo Buddha — [together with] 'pi-krīng-ka-we' — this concludes [the section] for the five-cornered base yantra.

[diagram: a rectangle enclosing khom characters and small marks, its four corners numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 in Thai numerals]

& A scroll-amulet (sangkrut) for loving-kindness.

[page 41]

[diagram: a vertical column of assorted spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs, each paired with two captions separated by the numeral 1]

Symbol: [illegible syllable] — 1 — Na: Trick/Deception — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Silver — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Devouring-the-Three-Worlds — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: [illegible] — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — [illegible] — 1

[illegible] — 1 — Na: Reversal — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — [illegible: 'the earth trembles'] — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Himmaphan (the Himavanta forest) — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Charm/Allure — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Dipped-in-water.

[page 42]

[diagram: a vertical column of assorted spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs, each paired with two captions separated by the numeral 1]

Symbol: [illegible syllable] — 1 — Na: Working-wood/spellcraft — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Loving-kindness — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Compassion — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Mirth — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: [illegible] — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — [illegible] — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Presence/Being — 1

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Travelling.

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Swift-running.

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Giving-alms.

[page 43]

[diagram: a vertical column of assorted spiral/coil-shaped khom glyphs, each paired with two captions]

Symbol: [illegible syllable] — 1 — Na: [illegible].

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: [illegible]. Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Resolve/Making-up-one's-mind.

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: [illegible]. Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Presence/Being.

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Cannot-be-caught-up-with. Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Divination.

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Illicit-lover's-refuge. Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Permission-granted.

Symbol: [illegible] — 1 — Na: Getting-things-done. The Na [series] ends here.

[Yantra: a square frame containing an inscribed diamond; at the centre of the diamond is a stupa (chedi) shape; in the four corner triangles of the diamond are curled, shell-like khom characters.] This yantra is applied in lacquer and wiped on the face; for gaining favour with officials and nobles. Chant 108 times; efficacious for everything. [Following that, four lines written in a script too indistinct to transcribe reliably.] [A 3x3-cell yantra grid with khom characters in each cell, illegible.] This yantra wards off the danger of boils. [A 3x3-cell yantra grid with khom characters in each cell, illegible.] A yantra to ward off chill-fever. [A 2x2-cell yantra grid with the syllable "ya" in the top row and "2" in the bottom row.] This yantra, when written and placed [worn]... [text illegible]... never loses its power.

[Yantra: a diamond inscribed within a square frame; stupa (chedi) finials outside the frame at top and bottom; curled, shell-like khom characters flanking it left and right; inside the diamond is the number 29, with circled characters marking the four points.] This yantra is soaked in oil and consumed/drunk — for invulnerability and charisma (khong kraphan chatri). [Yantra: a small square with characters circled at the top corners and bottom corners.] A formula-yantra (yantra phra wet); usable for everything. [A 2x2-cell yantra grid with syllables in the top row and numerals below.] This yantra is inscribed on [a shard of] a broken almsbowl; take it and use it... [text illegible]... numbering in the thousands, it is said.

[A yantra in the shape of a six-petalled lotus, with khom characters in each petal and at the centre.] This yantra is placed under the sleeping mat; it wards off "sannibat" fever. [A 4x4 numbered magic-square yantra with a diamond bearing characters inscribed at its centre.] Made into a takrut [amulet cylinder] to guard against... [text illegible]. [A bodhi-leaf-shaped yantra containing a seated deity or monk figure in meditation posture, with khom characters.] Place it under the sleeping mat to ward off illness. [Another 4x4 numbered magic-square yantra with a diamond at its centre.] Made into a takrut placed on a child... [text illegible]. [Yantra: a square frame with an inscribed diamond bearing the numeral 3 at its points and centre.] This yantra is inscribed to ward off sickness... [text illegible]... against everything.

[Yantra: a square frame with a pair of characters repeated in two rows, and a coiled, shell-like character at the centre.] This yantra is inscribed on a winnowing-tray-shaped [charm]... [text illegible]... it is made in the form of a bodhi leaf and hung at a child's cradle, to ward off the child-snatching spirit Mae Sue. [A four-petalled flower yantra with a character circled in each petal.] This "namo" yantra may be used/chanted 108 [times]. [Yantra: a square frame with an inscribed diamond, a stupa (chedi) at its centre, surrounded by direction or zodiac names labelling the eight points around it.] [A treatise on] inscribing on a holy day... 108 times... [several words illegible]... it becomes a great charm of loving-kindness... [text illegible]... the yantra may be wiped on the face; wipe it 5 times... [the remaining lines are largely illegible].

This is an excellent prajiat [protective cloth-charm], indeed. [A wheel-shaped yantra: a circle with eight spokes radiating from a central hub, each spoke tipped at the rim with a coiled, conch-shell-like ornament interspersed with thorn-like spikes; at the centre of the circle is a coiled khom character. Each of the eight spoke-sectors carries a line of mantric text running along its length, illegible; the horizontal and vertical bands through the centre carry short phrases flanking the central character.] [The text within the eight spoke-sectors and the central bands is too small and stylised to transcribe reliably.]

This unique formula ("Luwiphet"): when inscribed and made into a prajiat [protective cloth-charm], it is exceedingly excellent, and effective all around. [A wheel-shaped yantra of the same design as the previous page: a circle with eight spokes, each tipped with a coiled, conch-shell-like ornament; at the centre a coiled khom character; the horizontal and vertical bands through the centre carry short phrases.] [The text within the eight spoke-sectors and the central bands is too small and stylised to transcribe reliably.]

[A conch-shell-shaped yantra within a rectangular frame, with curved lines of text following the shell's outline at top and bottom; along the left edge, small circled characters are lined up in a column, labelled "front" (na); to the right is a two-row panel of characters and numerals, labelled "back" (lang).] [Section marker] [A passage concerning] the invoking of a hermit-sage... [text illegible] [section marker] This sacred formula is for the Yantra of the Holy Conch Shell. One is instructed to take a white cloth measuring a little over two cubits, recite the formula over water in the twelfth month for a full 108 recitations, then wash the white cloth thoroughly and dye it in three shades of smoke-grey. When about to inscribe this Conch-Shell yantra, have a senior monk (khruba) inscribe it, for use as a face-wiping cloth. When this is chanted, it brings well-being and wards off danger... [text illegible]... in every respect, and wherever one may go; it is said to be exceedingly efficacious. This yantra is also for keeping watch over [a guardian spirit]; a great ceremony. And when inscribing this Conch-Shell yantra... [the remaining instructions concerning timing and materials are largely illegible].

[A large numbered magic-square yantra, arranged as four 3x3 sub-grids surrounding a central 3x3 grid; each sub-grid has a circled character at its corner, and the border is labelled with direction or zodiac names, partly legible; a stupa (chedi) shape appears above and below the central diamond.] A takrut [amulet cylinder] — made of lead, silver, or gold all serve. Whoever makes it correctly will be matched even against a spear or a piercing needle; let him who does not believe fall into hell. [A coiled circular character labelled "duk".] [A small table-shaped yantra labelled "wik".] [An invocation formula, mostly illegible, beginning "Namassitthangchati..." and ending] ...inscribed onto a prajiat cloth-charm.

[Yantra: a square frame with an inscribed diamond, marked with an "X" at two points (top and right); circled characters at the four corners of the frame, labelled "Solai" repeated twice along the top edge, with other labels partly legible along the other edges; inside the diamond are khom characters and the numerals 1 and 17.] This yantra is applied in lacquer and wiped on the face; take the yantra... [text illegible]... above the lintel... [text illegible]... against wind/draughts from all four directions. A yantra of the Sixteen Buddhas (Phra Chao 16 Phra-ong); inscribed as a takrut it wards off everything. Chant it over oneself... [text illegible]... through the night of the Lion [zodiac sign], 108 [times]; exceedingly excellent... [several lines illegible]... it protects against everything, every kind. [A 4x4 numbered magic-square yantra with characters labelling all four edges.]

[Illustration: a young woman in traditional Thai dress, standing in a dance pose with her right hand raised; khom characters arranged in an arc above her head, with further characters labelling two points to the left of the figure.] [A poem or incantation, legible in parts:] It is told that when [she] took on hand-gesture and form, she went to manifest herself before the Buddha. When the Buddha danced in the manner of [magical] knowledge, and worked wonders... [text illegible]... causing it to be made truly in her own likeness, in the form of a woman set within the image. Then this spell-formula, consecrated for protection, the yantra is thus taken to the hand-gesture assumed... it becomes fitting beyond measure, firmly established, moving as the form that was born, handed down as a great teaching, it is said. [Further verses continue; largely illegible in detail.] [A roundel with a character.] Place this under the sleeping mat with one's wife: she will have no lover. [A diamond-shaped yantra within a square frame, with the numeral 3 at each of the diamond's four points.] Cast in lead and tied on a child's wrist, so the child will not cry.

An invocation formula beginning "Itthaya Burut..." [several words of Pali or khom mantra illegible]... ending "Buddha, thu bat karuna, Buddha, thu bat," recite once, chant 108 [times]. [A grid of khom characters, seven columns wide across several rows, with a small stupa (chedi) glyph interspersed among the characters.] This yantra is inscribed all over the face. [A similar grid of khom characters, with circled characters labelling the border.] This yantra is inscribed for power. Inscribe the yantra and wipe the face with it; chant it a full... [text illegible]... 108 [times]... [text illegible]... 108, when about to act, wipe [the face] until the strength is spent, it is said. [A band of khom characters strung together in a chain-like sequence, with a four-petalled flower motif at each end.] This "sacred-eye" (phra chak) yantra, rendered in occult numerology, 108 [times]... [text illegible]... becomes an especially auspicious thing indeed.

[A 2x2-cell yantra grid with a character in each cell.] This yantra is tucked into a betel leaf and given to a woman to eat, so that she will fall in love, it is said. [A 2x2-cell yantra grid with a character in each cell.] A yantra made into a takrut and tied on the wrist, to guard against swelling. [A 4x4 numbered magic-square yantra, with cross marks standing in for numerals in the rightmost column and bottom row.] This yantra wards off fire. [A band of khom characters strung together in a chain-like sequence, with a four-petalled flower motif at each end.] This "sacred-eye" (phra chak) yantra is made as an insert [for an amulet], an especially potent talisman, it is said.

[folio 56] [Figure: a bejewelled female deity wearing a crown, standing and holding a round disc — like a fan or mirror — in her right hand. Khom-script letters mark seven points around her body: crown of the head, left shoulder, right shoulder, upper arm, waist, knee, and foot.] [Khom letters marking the body points: not confidently legible] "Piye bhavetu, piyaṃ bhaveyyaṃ," one na, one — for making [the charm] take effect/take form. Chant over paper, make it into a name [illegible], it will make the person love [you]: write the name [character] into the powder with a love-wood stick. If it will make [him/her] dream [of you], write the name [character] on the chest, then chant over the paper a thousand times over. That becomes the working — it makes the person lose [to you/be defeated]: write the name on the knee, then turn it over, take the mark and mark a point, then chant together with the 36 figures of Phra Kan. Excellent. Chant until it is complete, then collect the powder as a charge/dose, feed it to a dog, then take [what is on] the dog's mouth, then use a stick to drive off the dog's fangs, then say "as the dog fears me, so may my enemy fear likewise" — this brings victory.

[Figure: an oval seal containing the letters "o ku" and the numbers "85 25"] Chant it, put it in a betel quid, and give it — the woman [who chews it] will love [you].

[folio 57] [Figure: a rectangular talisman card with an arched top, bordered by a ring of khom letters, with a stupa/Buddha image in the inner row] [Khom letters in the yantra: not confidently legible] [This yantra is used to seal a door against harm] — it prevents bad dreams.

This yantra-charm is placed where [something] presses firmly, so that it presses firmly there. Make it strong threefold, then insert the charm; then take a jingling nail and pierce it through, together with the offerings to the guardian deities — love, bind, guard the [named] tree. When invoking, [use] 4 leaf-cups, 4 candles, 4 flowers; chant, then make the vow/resolution that: "may the nail come loose from the cord, may it break, may this come to pass; if not, may the nail not come loose" — that means defeat.

[Figure: a small square frame with two khom letters and the number 4 marked at each of the four corners] Write in the enemy's name.

[folio 58] [Figure: eight lotus/leaf-shaped medallions strung together in a chain, each topped with a khom letter and a number, with a name inside each — the individual names are not confidently legible] [The names inside the medallions: not confidently legible]

Phra Chittiso — invoking the auspiciousness of the eight Buddha images. If anyone falls ill, take kaffir lime and soap-pod fruit, put them into chanted water, chant three times, then apply/rub [the water] on — this makes it auspicious, or use it as a protective ring against every danger.

"Sabbe pātukaruṇā pāte..." [a chanted formula, phrasing uncertain] — this spell, if you want a woman to love you, chant over a flower so she will love you, or chant over betel-nut and give it to her to eat and she will not refuse; or chant over rose-water and put it where her hair is, and she will yield; or chant over oil and rub it on the body; or chant over lip-wax/rouge; or chant over medicine and give it to her — this spell serves all three [purposes].

[folio 59] [Figure: a rectangular yantra ruled into a grid of five rows, khom letters bordering the outer cells, with a tiered stupa image in the center row] [Khom letters in the yantra: not confidently legible] This yantra is inscribed on a takrut (rolled amulet) to protect against every weapon. If going to seek out a woman, bind it on to guard against being bitten/trapped; against every enemy wear it on the back; going to court a lady, wear it in front — chant it with this spell.

[Figure: a four-legged animal, dog-like, walking, with three circled numbers marked on its body] Sukati rāya māvēya, masukati rāya pʰǒm, [trēngkā] trēng srīsawat, one — you are to write the dog-yantra on paper, write the enemy's name on the dog's body, then chant it — excellent. Have [the person] take the paper, folded three layers, chant over each portion. Feed it to the dog by hand, then take [a mark] as a sign, then make a vow: "whenever your intent turns against me, at that very moment the dog cannot bite — the matter comes to nothing."

[folio 60] [Figure: an arch resembling a stupa or spirit-shrine, with a seated Buddha image at its peak, two ear-like curved lines and khom letters marking it; beside it, a small house-shaped icon with a circle and letters inside] [Khom letters marking the figures: not confidently legible] [a short mantra, letters uncertain] — they abide there. Fan the face with it, or use it mixed into lime/plaster — it also works as [a charm against] fever/illness.

Invoke the body of the spell: "Arahantā chāya-retā." Draw the [names] up and down over the spell once, set them, then fold — fold onto the board, make it into a candle-wick. If [you] want love, press it face to face, one holding it against the other — press the backs of the names against each other, then chant together with the 16 Buddha images until the candle burns out. If you want to press it into a brick tile with both [the woman's and the man's names], then pierce through, bind three times, then chant together with the "cloth-of-lineage" [charm], take it and sink it in water, then [add] flowers — [remainder of this passage, in Khom/Pali-style script, is not confidently legible] write the two names in facing each other and ring/bind them with this spell — [Khom/Pali passage: not confidently legible] write one name entering the other, together with one more name — [Khom/Pali: not confidently legible] — press the names face to face.

[folio 61] [Figure: two square yantras placed side by side, each with a diamond in the middle marked by letters at its four points; the left one is labeled "male" (ชาย) in the center, the right one "female" (หญิง)] [Khom letters at the corners of the yantras: not confidently legible]

"Sukiti su-ārisā isārisā," one — this yantra is written on a love-charm leaf with the man's name and the woman's name. Lay the man's name over the woman's, [heat it] near fire with three people present, reciting this spell while doing so.

[a Pali/Khom-style formula, not confidently legible] — chant it over betel-nut and give it to the woman to eat; she will come to love you.

[Figure: a curling smoke or cloud motif with khom letters inside] [Khom letters in the figure: not confidently legible] [the following Pali/Khom line is not confidently legible] put a betel quid so that the woman who eats it loves you deeply.

[a further formula built from repeated syllables, not confidently legible], one — the nāga transforms its form above; chant over face-powder, or chant over face-wash water — whoever sees [the wearer's] beautiful form will love them as they would a deity.

[folio 62] [Figure: a cross-shaped yantra like a four-petalled lotus, khom letters marking the petals, with the numbers 3 and 7 marked at the four petal-tips] [Khom letters in the yantra: not confidently legible] This yantra is written on paper and steeped in fragrant oil, chanted with "Sambuddhe..." [08 — figure/number uncertain]; apply it to the body so [the wearer] cannot be seen or counted.

[Figure: a square yantra with a diamond inset, circles numbered 1 through 8 at the corners and mid-points, and a small circle at the center] [Some of the letters/numbers marking the yantra: not confidently legible] ! Write them down one at a time. !

Against every enemy — chant to seek out the grudge between [two parties]. This will make that matter come to nothing: write the person's name on paper, then write this yantra over it, then chant, marking/piercing the name intently for 7 days, making it into a candle; then chant on the 15th day, and take it to be buried/sunk — the Buddha forbids [this kind of harm], [as does] the scripture, or a monk can forbid and undo it.

[folio 63] [Figure: a large square yantra ruled into a grid of eight rows by seven columns, every cell filled with khom letters, with a seated Buddha image at the center and braided-cord ornaments at the four corners] [Khom letters filling the grid: not confidently legible] This yantra is named "Buddhachak" (the Buddha's Wheel) — it protects against every kind of harm.

[Figure: a small square frame with a single khom letter at its center] [Khom letter in the frame: not confidently legible] This yantra is inscribed for [a small case/talisman box] to bring mutual charm/affection [between people].

[folio 64] A chained recitation built on the refrain "…loka-katā-sati-virahaṃ" run through each epithet of the Buddha's virtues in turn — upacāraṇa [approaching one by one], sabbe [all beings], sugato [well-gone], lokavidū [knower of the world], anuttaro [unsurpassed], purisadammasārathi [tamer of persons], satthā devamanussānaṃ [teacher of gods and men], buddho [the Awakened One], bhagavā [the Blessed One] — each combined with the refrain "loka-katā-sati-virahaṃ."

The virtues of the Buddha [are invoked in this way]. Or [use] the Arahaṃ spell in 8 variant recitations, each paired with a deity's name; chant it without wavering.

[Figure: a square yantra with diagonal lines and a cross inside it, arrows pointing toward a central circle, and circles marking numbers at the four corners and the midpoint of each side] [Some of the letters/numbers marking the yantra: not confidently legible] This yantra is written on paper and made into a candle-wick, with the names of the two disputing parties written on it. Recite both spells over it together; this is done to bring about a duel/contest in which [one party's] undertaking will end in death.

[The closing prayer/vow at the foot of the page is written in cramped columns and is largely illegible]

[illegible]

[folio 65] [Figure: a tiered, stupa-shaped column with a seated Buddha image at the top; below it a diamond containing the letter "cha" with arrows pointing in and out; below that a double diamond marked "hong kam" and "rā rā"; below that a row marked "2 2", a row marked "11", and a bottom row marked "1 1 3"] [The khom letters and numbers marking the column: partly not confidently legible] This yantra is named "the fault one bears without fear." Wear it as a face-wash charm to bring [people] together; [it makes others] regard you with love as [dear as] their own child, whatever happens; one does not fear it. [It also] carries the virtue of invulnerability against weapons — very good. If it is meant for a woman, have her write her name on paper, make it into a candle-wick weighing 7 baht [in weight], then sit and chant over the paper with this verse. [the verse itself is not confidently legible] "…seeking out, washing…" [the rest of this formula is uncertain].

[Figure: an X-shape formed by two diagonal lines, with three khom letters marking it] [Khom letters in the figure: not confidently legible] [the accompanying spell is not confidently legible] …the crow's loving-kindness [charm] to hold the face/attention [of another].

[folio 66] [Figure: a cluster of three circles arranged like a flower, khom letters marking each circle and a number 2 also marked] [Khom letters in the figure: not confidently legible] [a Pali/Khom-style formula built on repeated syllable-patterns — mostly not confidently legible]

[illegible]

…thus the [charm] is made effective.

[Figure: a square yantra with an inset diamond, khom letters marking its cells and corners] [Khom letters in the yantra: not confidently legible] This yantra-charm is for seeking rank/status: make it into a single takrut, then take Brahma-sacred thread and make it into a wick shaped like Hanuman, then imbue it [with power against] every kind of beast, together with [a companion charm], Thahisen.

[Figure: a square yantra with an inset diamond containing a flower motif, with words marking the cells: "sati," "badā," "phong," "tud," and others] [Some of the letters/words marking the yantra: not confidently legible] This yantra protects against a cluster/outbreak of fire.

[folio 67] [Figure: a large square yantra ruled into a four-row grid, with three nested diamonds at the center, a seated Buddha image in the innermost diamond, circles numbered 1 through 4 at the four corners, and side labels reading "seek far/long" (repeated twice at top) with other words at the left and right sides] [The khom letters and labels marking the yantra: partly not confidently legible] This is a yantra-charm for medicine to wash the face against being bewitched/hexed, or, dissolved fully in bath water, to undo an ill-starred fate — it has virtue; use it as needed, and it will clear away [the affliction] entirely.

[Figure: a small 3x3 grid, each cell marked with a khom letter] [Khom letters in the grid: not confidently legible] "Thabatha Buddhona, rasangwisulo, pusaphu" — take a betel leaf, lay it on this yantra, chant over it, then hold it in the mouth; speaking with any woman while doing so will charm her so that she cannot get up and leave.

[Yantra: a cross-shaped grid divided into cells, each filled with khom characters, with Thai numerals along the border.] This yantra wards off [illegible] — for matters of loving-kindness/favor.

[Yantra: a small two-row square grid filled with khom characters.]

[illegible] ... for a woman [illegible], truly without need of a spell, [illegible] — do not take the fortune away.

(su su ya) — write and place inside a mouse-hide pouch; it cannot be bitten by anything.

[Yantra: a rectangular grid of six rows by four columns, filled with khom characters.] Inscribe this on a single takrud [rolled metal amulet tube]. Consecrate it for yourself.

[Yantra: a square frame containing a diamond shape within it, filled with khom characters and numerals at the four corners.] This design is for the hand of a man of standing/rank.

[A square frame containing khom characters arranged as a short title; not confidently legible.] Inscribe on a small takrud held together in the joined hands; the two hands are not to be parted.

[Yantra: a right-angled triangle containing a square grid with an inscribed diamond, filled with khom characters, and a drawing of three round objects (resembling eggs or cowrie shells) in the upper right, with an accompanying caption.]

[illegible] for [illegible]

1) [illegible] — to be used as an offering to bring about fortune/gain [illegible], but it should be practiced accordingly.

[Yantra: two rectangular grids, each crossed by diagonal lines forming a net-like lattice, every cell filled with khom characters.] Both of these designs may be inscribed on a pra-jiat [protective cloth amulet] or on a single takrud; they ward off everything.

[Image: a mythical bird (resembling a hongsa/swan) hung with six-pointed star ornaments, with the tip of a royal umbrella/spire behind it.]

[illegible opening]

"...may his sons/offspring... 32... the power of the realm...

[illegible]

Yantra of manifestation. When one is to perform [the rite], give it the name of the Golden Hongsa (swan). Ehi [Pali: 'Come!'] Buddhi — accomplishment and blessing, success, svi Buddhi — Ehi Buddha Mahaso, umma-bha, success, and so equally — Isi-piso-taka, metta, karuna, mudita, upekkha [the four brahmaviharas: loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, equanimity], let it be so." This design is to be consecrated [some number of] times.

By the power of accomplishment (siddhikariya): should anyone find this Golden Hongsa design lying in the forest, it is of exceedingly rare and marvellous merit. One is to draw the hongsa figure in powder for three years, then apply yellow pigment, render down [oil], gather the fat, dry it, then mix charcoal with resin/lacquer and press it into a lump; place it to steep until it turns out well. When the time comes to consecrate it, recite the Golden Hongsa spell 108 times, then consecrate it and keep it; anoint only the mouth [of the vessel]; keep it pure, sealed in a pouch. If one wishes to speak before a ruler, apply the pigment, the fat, and red cloth; whether serving a great king, a monk, or a brahmin, whoever shares a garment with it, of any station — it causes the pigment to take to the hand/head. A charm for women. Complete and wondrous in every part.

[Yantra: a large square frame with a diamond shape inscribed inside it, khom characters and Thai captions written around all four sides ("the King's residence," "the abode of the [image]" and other words not clearly legible), with two arrows and marginal notes.]

[illegible] ... teacher/guru ... let the elder lower [it] on this occasion ...

recite the incantation ... to enter ... to make [it]

[illegible]

The King's residence. The abode of the [sacred image]. Behind it — the finest of arts. Death is averted. Merit ... death is averted. If one does not recite,

[illegible] (9. the King's residence, the abode of the image)

boundary [Image: a small square yantra with a circle at its centre.] This design bundles the wilderness together.

[Yantra: a square frame containing a diamond shape, filled with khom characters.] This [design] is to be raised, held cupped in the hand, and pressed down.

◉ Bot-kan-pheoli, 20 [times]. Consecrate with the mind fixed. ◉ Atthapheokhawa, 2 [times]; halt with the mind fixed. A short verse, 2 [times], [numeral]. ◉ The aggregate of form (rupa) arises, 2 [times] [drawing of a standing figure]. ◉ The aggregate of perception (sanna) arises, 2 [times] [drawing of a standing figure]. ◉ The aggregate of mental formations (sankhara) arises, 2 [times] [drawing of a running figure]. ◉ Craving/clinging (upadana) arises, 2 [times] [drawing of a running figure]. ◉ Craving (tanha) arises, 2 [times] [drawing of a running figure]. ◉ The aggregate of feeling (vedana) arises, 2 [times] [drawing of a running figure]. ◉ [illegible] — thus it is, equally. (a name) ◉ The formations arise, 2 [times] — walk in three rows, enter the wood that seals the frog's belly, catch the scent bound with three [offerings]. ◉ Power over the eight bodies/elements, 2 [times], place 1. ) ◉ Power over the eight bodies, 2 [times], place 1. ) ◉ Power over the formations, 2 [times], place 1 — bind and consecrate. Consecrate through 32 full recitations; when finished, tie on one empty takrud; complete in that place.

N: "It is true, put it in — it cannot be, Buddha." A raven with a golden [crest], make [him] swell hot all over his whole body. Kh: "I will make you go mad and lost, wandering — I will say whatever I wish and you must do as I say, obey the command." N: "It hurts, I will —" "I will make you answer, and you will answer at once before my eyes." M: "I will make you become, and you become at once, immediately." Ph: "If you try to flee, nothing will stop you." Th: "Follow you, both ordained together." The Buddha arises. The Dhamma arises. The Sangha arises.

By the power of accomplishment (siddhikariya). This design belongs to Phra Maha Kedanomok; he gave it. Because he made it as an offering placed on the bone of a sore, brought and bestowed down. When inscribing this circle/wheel (chakra), proceed as follows: one verse [recited] once, or a yantra of this kind, once. (Ritha) (Suttha) [two names written in circles]

May power come, even unto perfect purity. Gather together and cast once to obtain 13 pieces, then take them, purified/consecrated by a brahmacārin, and make them into a strand for a takrud, then awaken them with this spell 108 times. Then, when going to play at dice or cards, take these six coiled takrud with you. Keep it in one's garment, marked in this way. "Elder, attend and know. He/she attends in time. ... offer to the base/foundation ... consecrate accordingly?" When done, it becomes a seal closing the gate of fortune. Complete. With the two dice unseen — closed but for the three, and the pair, making three together with one. Then, when it hurts, make it appear; it will come out and be seen; it will be divided, then struck on the back. This "stroke" [in dice play] — recite the sacred formula 30 times, giving three throws struck upon the back, cast down and struck, only three together with one; complete with the pair, without fail. Then — Whosoever encounters this design, it is a merit for that person. Do not hold it lightly once it has been made. Whoever will go to play with it should recall the virtue of the Buddha [amulet], the virtue of merit, and their mother, father, and teachers; may the virtue and power of Mok protect them. 19.

[Yantra: a three-celled square grid, each cell labelled "mel" / "ka" / "ta."] Inscribe on a betel leaf so that a woman will not be jealous.

[Square frame containing khom characters arranged in two lines.] Inscribe on a betel leaf to serve as a charm of attraction.

0-tha-pha-ka-sa, pha-ha-ka-sa-tha, ka-sa-tha-pha, sa-tha-pha-ka [a permutation square of consonants]. Write the woman's name in full; write the man's name laid across it, 15 [repetitions], to make it take effect. If it resists, apply it for three days — [a design] of Phra Maha Ked, [with its numerals].

[Yantra: a small square frame crossed by a diagonal X, with four khom characters at the corners (ka, cha, tha, ka) and one at the centre.] (For binding a bond, to bind [someone's] fortune/banner) (This charm! Consecrate it so that it takes effect fully), bringing merit along the way.

◉ On charm upon charm: the wish [of the heart], the trees, the poisons — all nine. The great wish of all beings, in every respect — granting them beauty and good fortune. This sacred spell, once consecrated, is complete.

(9) (3/7) (11/7) [three loop-shaped drawings resembling figure-eights or nooses, each with a numeral inside.] The power of Suriya (the Sun) grants blessing; the power of Suriya bestows accomplishment. A charm-yantra: write it on a palm leaf, insert it into an amulet band [kan-tasap]. Consecrate this spell, once, as loving-kindness — a spell of miraculous power over the realm, [a Pali-like formula, romanised as printed]. Consecrate the tongue-leaf/betel, and a tree from the earth, consecrated altogether, once — to bring [fortune], or [alternatively] [a further romanised formula]. This spell, once consecrated, its sound/voice remains present; wherever it goes it is never exhausted. Consecrate it 108 times, then keep it; it will never run out of power.

[Yantra: a 4x4 grid filled with Thai numerals.] This design is inscribed on paper for a woman, [to be worn as] a garment from [her] child.

[Yantra: a square frame with a diamond shape inside it, filled with Thai numerals.] Inscribe a takrud made of gold, mercury/kesi, silver, copper, and lead, [worn as] a garment, for one's child.

[Yantra: a large square frame with a diamond shape inscribed inside, and four small squares at the corners, filled with khom characters and numerals throughout.] This design surely dispels [ill fortune]; wipe the face, wipe it four times; it is equally efficacious for women — for six years [it lasts], applied continuously; for eleven years, it is exceedingly marvellous — do not doubt it in the least.

◉ [A romanised Pali-like invocation, kept as printed.] This sacred formula recalls and commemorates the Dhamma. This Phra Kala [image] is Phra Vessantara, as the second jar/vessel, risen from the pool together with the Buddha's excellent and divine beings, one [in accord]. Grant permission and establish [it]. Once ordained, consecrate it, naming it, so that the mouth/words become a charm of attraction.

[Yantra: a 4x4 grid filled with Thai numerals, with a diamond shape inscribed at its centre.] Inscribe a takrud [made] of gold, of naga-metal [alloy], of silver, and of copper; lift it from the hand as [protection for] one's child.

[Yantra: a square frame with a small circle at its centre, filled with Thai numerals both inside the circle and around the border.] Write this design and keep it so as to obtain a lasting effect — a woman who has a husband cannot [be taken from him].

[Yantra: a square frame with a diamond shape inscribed inside, filled with khom characters and flower-like symbols at the four corners.] This yantra is worn concealed on the person; it stops a gun's muzzle from firing, without fail. Even with every kind of weapon, a gun cannot strike true. Crow[-mark]. Consecrate it altogether 25 [times].

[A romanised Pali-like invocation, kept as printed: "Ritthi, kraya, ru, kraya sadhu kraya suay, kraya cha suay," once.] This Phra Kala [image] dispels every calamity. If anyone is uncertain whether an act is right or wrong, have them inscribe a palm leaf accordingly, and hold to it fully as prescribed — one verse recited once, or the yantra [naming a naga, binding the foundation, a further romanised formula]. [More romanised syllables, kept as printed.]

[illegible] ... death is averted. ... If it is not correct, have it corrected, place it in [a container],

hold [it]. ("Mother, teacher, om") ("stop, stop") 2. The King's residence, the abode of the [sacred image]. By this power, by this power [triple invocation, om] — bear it and let it remain hidden within. [a name, an incantation] [a further formula] ("a form born") — the drawing of the medicine, sealing the line — let it be sealed thoroughly. The more it is sealed, the more good fortune arises for others. Three times, seven [times] — O beings! Higher beings, arise together. [a formula] — the mind is restored. Its name: [names, not confidently legible] — spread and take form.

[Yantra: a small square frame with a diamond shape inscribed inside.] This design bundles [something] hidden in the wilderness.

[Yantra: a square grid with a diamond shape inscribed at its centre, filled with Thai numerals.] This design is to be pressed into the cupped hand and held down.

[Further romanised/obscure formula, kept as printed, invoking the birth of a son and weighing something down.] [A closing phrase, largely illegible.]

This design is set out as four sacred relics: 1, ka: the relic-image of the mouse — its power emerges } 2, kha: the relic-image of the tiger — its power emerges } When laying out these four in sequence, 3, kha: the relic-image of the elephant — its power emerges } do this first, then inscribe the wheel/chakra: 4, nga: the relic-image of the mole/badger — its power emerges } laying element upon element, closing it in.

[Yantra: a four-petalled lotus flower with khom characters in each petal; below it, a square frame with a diamond shape inscribed inside, filled with khom characters.]

1) When the base design has been fully drawn, consecrate it as follows: "Ma-inta-a: nang-pho, jaga-phaeng sam-daeng sun-thon-si, the essence that has none [equal], established with merit, nin-tha-tha-nang, ko-ja-gam-phaeng sam-phra sun-thon-si." If consecrated 3 or 7 times, it is of the utmost weight/potency — treat it as such. Insert it as a talisman; play with it up to 9 times, that is also permitted. 2) When making offerings, to do it correctly, let the deity conceal itself, as with the relic-image of the mouse, the relic-image of the tiger, the relic-image of the elephant, and the relic-image of the mole/badger; and may it come to pass that all things become as weighed gold, brought to be weighed by the ruler, as the effect and result of this deity's arising. (3) When performing this, arrange it as if with flowers in form. Having made the offering, then make this design and offer to it: on the first day, 3 items; on the second day, 5 items; on the third day, 9 items; make offerings continuously for these 3 days — it is exceedingly excellent indeed.

[Folio 80] [Diagram: a triangular yantra with rows of khom characters ranged along its slanted and vertical edges, a small diamond shape at the centre — the khom characters inside the yantra are illegible] [Heading, partly legible: something invoking "the Buddha... spirit/consciousness... a deity... arises mighty... let it dwell within... every host of the Lord Buddha in that time" — remainder illegible] [A long paragraph explaining how to use the spell — illegible throughout, the handwriting is too cursive to read with confidence] [Diagram: a circular yantra divided into four sections, each containing khom characters] Caption: "This brings about..." [illegible]

[Folio 81] [Illegible — a paragraph concerning a spell and its use; the word "charm" (เสน่ห์), year-counts (5, 7, 9, 11 years), and the name "Phra Mahosot" appear within it, but the cursive handwriting cannot be read in full] [Diagram: two birds, with khom characters marking parts of each body — beak, neck, breast, tail, feet; the characters are illegible] labelled (uncertain reading): "the pigeon" / "the mosquito-bird" [Heading — illegible] [Diagram: two circular wheels, each divided into radial sections containing khom characters] captioned "Khan Pak Kaeo" (the glass-mouth vessel) and "Khan Kan Kaeo" (the glass-warding vessel)

[Folio 82] [Illegible — the top line refers to a number of deities / a horoscope] [Illegible] Together these count as 26 sacred verses (Wed) in all. // 1. The colour of fire, mindful of season and time: may your heart stay bound, may it come to love [you]. 2. The colour of wind gives rise to a swift gust that buffets the heart into turmoil: may it stay bound, may it come to love [you]. 3. The colour of ash, the ground of the heart: may it stay bound, may it come to love [you]. 4. The colour of earth, the ground itself, the heart: may it stay bound, may it come to love [you]. [Diagram: an interlaced four-petal knot yantra with khom characters on each petal, a tiered chedi spire above it] captioned "front-bound" (ขังหน้า) [Diagram: a wandering monk carrying a staff and a shoulder bag, numbers marking points on his body — the numbers and any accompanying characters are illegible] [Illegible — the caption beside the monk figure] [Diagram: a second interlaced four-petal knot yantra with khom characters on each petal] captioned "back-bound" (ขังหลัง) This charm... [illegible] //

[Folio 83] [A stacked list of terms, braced together] — Pali numeral roots interleaved with "nam·o": four (จตุโร), homage (นะโม), two (เทวโช), three(?) (ตนิ), five (ปัญจ:), seven (สัตต:), eight(?) (อัตต:), one (เอก:), homage (นิโม), zero/empty (สุญญ) — apparently a cipher key of Pali number-syllables for constructing the yantra below. Formula: "Toro hoti sampavo. Kanna kanthe (la), Kan hanu, seka" [charm words, transliterated as printed]. [Diagram: a mouse/rat, drawn in curling lines with the numerals 3, 3, 5, 4 marking points on its body] Caption: "This charm binds rats — their feet fail them." // [Heading — illegible, several further lines of instruction and katha] [Illegible — something to the effect of "take... place upon... obtain all manner of things thereby; it cures fever and children's ailments..." //] [Heading — illegible] [Heading — illegible] [Heading — illegible] [Heading — illegible] [Heading — illegible]

[Folio 84] [Illegible — a short line of text at the top left before the diagram] [Diagram: two overlapping circles forming a lens/vesica shape, with Thai characters marking its sections ("ya", "ta", "ka", "tu"), a small circle inset at the centre, and small ovals flanking it on either side ("sa/tu", "yu/sa/te"), with arrows pointing outward to left and right] Caption (moderate confidence, several words uncertain): "This section, worn thin — one must fix the mind, keep it charmed all through the year... blow upon the sun so the target's child cannot speak... make it vanish unheard... take a rabbit, write a name upon [the charm], have it dipped in indigo dye, so that the mouth sticks; [then take] a bowl of water, set it directly in front, and sit beneath it in homage before the sacred image." [reading uncertain] Heading formula (transliterated, meaning not given): "To-to-rue-phak-phu, to-kat-bu-tao, to-kat." [A paragraph of more than fifteen lines — illegible throughout, the handwriting is too cursive to read with confidence] [Diagram: a triangle with a single khom character at its centre] Caption: "This charm is called 'Ka-mo-lak' — carry it and you will not remain poor; carry it and wealth will come to you." [Diagram: a 2x2 square yantra with Thai numerals in its cells] Caption: "This charm is tied about the wrist to ward off pox/boils."

[Folio 85] [Diagram: a demon or Hanuman figure standing inside a pointed arch, both hands raising a sword overhead; arrows and khom characters run along both side-posts of the arch, with Thai numerals set at intervals down each post] Heading: "Muk-da-luk-that, pure" [transliterated as printed — meaning uncertain] [Largely illegible — the surrounding paragraph appears to give instructions for making a pearl/vessel charm named for a threefold deity, applying it in connection with Hanuman, treating boils and ant-bites, reciting the spell to exhaustion, reciting it according to the day's power, anointing the body, an iron ring, a remedy if a spouse commits adultery — using the Hanuman charm together with the mud-dauber wasp threefold — a warning that infidelity will be discovered, a headache remedy of ground powder, a rite involving a river, nine blades of Bermuda grass, a count of 105, and a note that the illness is thereby cured; the writer calls the making of this image "most excellent indeed." The passage is too cursive to transcribe with confidence beyond this general sense.] n n [two isolated khom-style letters, unclear]

[Folio 86] [Diagram: a tiered chedi spire with a crescent moon above its top, the numeral 5 marked on either side of the middle tier] "Supreme..." [illegible] Caption: "Head-pillar of the deities" [Diagram: a 5x5 grid of squares filled with Thai letters, with further letters ranged around all four borders — only a few characters legible, most illegible] Caption: "This charm [invokes] the Three Refuges as a means of loving-kindness" [Diagram: a diamond shape set within a square frame, subdivided into small cells each containing a khom character — illegible] labelled "Sali ao si se roei, 9" [uncertain reading] Caption: "[This] guards against fire and makes one impervious to every weapon. Reciting it alone yields 108 [repetitions/benefits]." // [Diagram: a 4x4 grid of squares filled with Thai letters] [Illegible] Caption: "Insert this into a rolled amulet (takrut) and recite it 108 times; recite it oneself..." [illegible] [Diagram: a small square yantra with khom characters in its cells — illegible] Caption: "This attracting-charm brings silver or gold as well. If it is steeped in oil and made fragrant, it can be rolled into an amulet and consecrated; its very substance becomes a love-charm." //

[Folio 87] [Illegible — the topmost lines invoke love/loving-kindness, mention the Buddha, an embrace, a charm-sword, and a formula, but cannot be read with confidence] [Illegible — instructions to gather a leaf called "grey kamphon" and other matter for the recitation] [Diagram: an interlaced knot yantra made of joined small circles, khom characters marked at various points — illegible] Caption (partly transliterated formula, meaning uncertain): "Thun-pang: maha-sunya-kan bai pa-holi, phana-wang 1, se-maha-sun. // Na sunyo sunyo. Phut sunyo. Ta sunyo. Ba sun...am" [a repeated cipher-like recitation] "Phut mi: sunya-phan na-ta-phut-mo-na 1" — recite this when making the charm-water for [dealing with] a tiger: it is said that carrying it prevents a tiger from ever harming the bearer; it is likewise used to win a court dispute, so that no charge holds against the person. // Before making the charm, one must first... [illegible] // [A further charm formula, transliterated as printed, meaning not given]: "Pakamang phuen sung sakdang suti mang khantha mera cha dot sin phechakawo, chadung angkha sombhavi pancha ma sing sang sang naki wokisamkawo" // Caption: "This 'Sut Pakami' [charm] — take it with fish liver... [illegible]... it becomes a great compassion; take it and recite it yourself, 108 [times]." One who wears it becomes an object of great loving-kindness to everyone in the world who sees him; consecrate it by reciting the compassion-formula 108 times. — "Ung meng sat pi bamma", recite it over a piece of wood [as a charm]: whoever sees it will surely be smitten with love, 108 [times]. — "Phut le ta cha ha lek kom seum 1" [formula, uncertain]. — "Samuha na 1", bind the charm together, 10 [times].

[Folio 88] [Diagram: a four-legged animal (a horse or lion) shown in profile, a tiered chedi spire above its back, lines running from its four corners to four small woven-net yantra squares at the four corners of the page] Captions at the corner yantras: "Khettakasi" ... "Khettakasi" [a Pali/khom term, meaning uncertain] [Vertical captions running down the left and right sides of the animal — illegible] "A great wonder" "Para-pen" ... "Para-pen" [uncertain reading] [The numerals 1, 2, 3, 4 mark the animal's four legs] Caption: "This is the Kaka-sing (crow-lion) charm. Sketch and tattoo it, or anoint it on a house to ward off spirits — it makes [the house] vanish from wherever evil is feared. Recite it over yourself three times." //

[Folio 89] [Diagram: four cross/fourfold-lobed yantras arranged in two rows and two columns; each has khom characters marking the tips of its four lobes and its centre — some characters legible, most not] Heading: "These four rolled amulets (takrut) are called 'the trembling diamond' (Phet Sathan). They confer invulnerability together with protection from and evasion of every weapon, without limit, once they have been made and consecrated — one [set is] beyond reckoning." [A cipher-formula in transliterated syllables, meaning not given, printed as: "sahassa saba-hamaya-thacuhoe, saduitha sehitha-thacuhoey, sathasu thithayu-i-thu-hoeytha, unsaru-okibacha 1"] "Sacred verse Kaka [wonder-crow?], 4" — this passage instructs that one should recite it over the diamond-charm to the utmost, [for] this virtue is supreme and does not fade — most excellent indeed. 1,000 [repetitions].

[Folio 90] [Table of 8 rows by 7 columns, every cell filled with a Thai letter — printed clearly, more legible than most of the volume's handwritten passages] [the grid of letters, transcribed above] Caption: "This eight-section charm gives invulnerability to blades; take it with water." // [Diagram: two birds standing face to face, numbers marking parts of each body — head, wing, breast, feet] Caption: "Set this to draw money, to draw gold, as an act of loving-kindness; consecrate it by [invoking] the virtue of the Buddha. 10 [times]. Amen — obtained from the land of Kokkan; the guardian lord of the city [gave it]." //

[Folio 91] [Stacked terms braced together — illegible] — apparently the same Pali-numeral cipher list seen earlier: four, homage, two, three, five, seven, eight, one, homage, zero [Illegible] [Illegible] "Take [it]... place it before the deity's altar... whereby one may obtain all manner of things. It cures fever and children's ailments..." // [Heading — illegible] [Heading — illegible] [Diagram: four small yantras, each formed of crossed lines linking four circles, with khom characters marking the circles — illegible] labelled "male/pigeon" and "back", repeated across the four [Illegible — a further cipher-formula] Caption: "This sacred verse — recite the charm according to the day's power, then meditate upon it until it is obtained; only then does it take effect. When chanting it for consecration, make an offering by carving a wooden image... for one [image] it then becomes fully efficacious indeed." // [Diagram: a 3x3 magic square with the Thai numerals 9,1,5 / 4,1,4,3,2 / 7,9,6,3 arranged in its cells (grid partly irregular)] Caption: "Write this charm on the house door to ward off thieves." [Diagram: a second 3x3 square filled with Thai letters] Caption: "This charm is tied about a child's wrist so that the child will not cry."

[An eight-cell, three-row grid yantra filled with Khom syllables in each cell. The heading text along the top border is in Khom/Pali script, and the vertical marginal captions on the left and right, are unclear.] This record is to be inscribed on/into [phrase unclear]. Auspicious numbers within it [unclear]. [unclear] a small fan-handle, examined [unclear]. So it is.

[A yantra formed of a square enclosing a diamond, with a stupa-like emblem at the centre; Khom syllables mark the four corners and the four side-midpoints; the four outer corners carry shell-shaped ornamental motifs.]

Formula: na-ma-pha-tha, ma-tha-tha-na, pha-tha, na-ma, tha-na-ma-pha — sitting steady... [Pali/Khom gloss, partly unclear] ...buddhajātaṃ, khīmajātaṃ, saṅghajātaṃ. Consecrate this and cast it in lead — have it made without leaving anything out [phrase unclear]. It may also be inscribed on copper, gold-alloy (nak), or silver, and it protects against edged weapons; it can be worked into various forms. Made correctly, it becomes an extraordinarily potent charm.

Male form [chedi-like symbol] [chedi-like symbol] Female form Time upon time, [invocation, partly unclear] grants ordination-strength [uncertain]. Through the ages [unclear] ... a thousand years, a thousand lives, a thousand times over, [consecrate a crystal]: [Pali gloss uncertain] ... power over every weapon, power and spells against every kind of weapon, terrible in every respect; the Buddha steadies and grounds it. Let all people endure; though hellfire burns the heart, still make them all come, take up weapons against [me] and [unclear] into every land [unclear]. All people become invulnerable, escape trouble, and win people's hearts. All may live on and so all come to [me]; people escape whip and needle, even struck with stone. (This formula grants firm invulnerability.) So it is.

[A yantra of a square enclosing a diamond, with one Khom character at its centre; Khom syllables mark the corners and side-midpoints.] Power and virtue are born; flourish, flourish. Auspicious: this formula, chanted onto a rolled cigarette, is made by skewering a banana-leaf wrap on a stick, then laid down as an offering, poured through the ages, bound and floating above the wind — it holds only our affection.

[A four-armed cross-shaped grid yantra, each cell holding a Khom syllable.] [A small stamped box, illegible.] Binds a household, sevenfold. This formula should be sewn and sealed inside paper, kept and never opened; it will scatter its power, made together with an elder it awakens on contact, and takes effect at once; done properly it grants all manner of divine favour.

[A radiant circular yantra: at its centre a cross-shaped grid filled with Khom syllables, surrounded by concentric rings of petal-shaped compartments also filled with Khom syllables, with rays radiating outward all around the circle, each ray tipped with a small stupa- or flame-like finial.]

This yantra may be inscribed on a handkerchief, on a cloth amulet, or on a takrut roll — it is exceedingly excellent. Whoever has learned it should not tell it to another so as to become their teacher; freedom from the perils of this life comes from this alone.

[An eye- or vesica-shaped emblem, ringed with Khom syllables at its top, bottom, and two sides.] [A yantra of a square enclosing a diamond, with Khom syllables marking the corners and side-midpoints.] (For making a single-strand takrut and a cloth amulet, use both of these formulas.)

[A small emblem with a coiled/spiral finial marking an invocation heading; the accompanying phrase is in a Pali/Khom-style transliteration and largely unclear.] Write [something] on the palm of the hand, over the spot where affliction sits: [gloss, mostly unclear] ... (namo tissa imam).

[Two spiral emblems joined by wavy, root-like lines, each marked with the numeral 6.] Whoever writes this should first pay respect to the teacher with 6 baht, and make an offering of agarwood (krisana) and red sandalwood; turmeric and young cattle [products], not soft wood; oil-lamps, wax candles, gold-leaf candles; think of a bowl cooked/prepared. If someone writes it without a shrine, [the charm] loses its constancy [unclear] ... [A run of Pali/Khom numerical formulas, largely unclear] ... hair and body-hair ...

Has Buddha, the deva-lord, already entered and settled within? Are the conditioned things of the world's wisdom, sorrow upon sorrow, mind linked to mind ...? [Pali/Khom gloss partly unclear] ... Has Dhamma, the deva-lord Phosop [rice-goddess], already entered and settled within? ... Has Sangha, the deva-lord of endurance, already entered and settled within? ... [ritual note:] recite this posture/verse once and the accomplishment (siddhi) is achieved; the breath circles round and settles ... When inscribing this, chant Namo Buddhāya: let it seize the mind, seize the heart, so that the Buddha[-power] causes infatuation. Should anyone be unable to bear it, let na strike, mo embrace, phuddha overwhelm entirely and without limit — Buddham hidden in the mind becomes great fortune, Dhammam hidden in the mind becomes great fortune, Sangham hidden in the mind becomes great wealth; Buddham hides the moon within, Dhammam hides the moon within, Sangham hides the moon within; Buddham lives ... [a run of syllables, partly unclear] ... may every world be enthralled ... Buddham becomes a charm of love, Dhammam becomes a charm of love, Sangham becomes a charm of love, O Worthy One — loving-kindness and compassion, seize the mind, seize the heart, keep it close. (Buddha, Arahant, mankind) — breathe this out along the path of loving-kindness.

[A five-by-five grid yantra, its cells crossed by diagonal lines forming repeated X-shapes throughout; the top and side borders are captioned with Khom/Pali words such as 'anekavatthāya', 'sativiso', 'hatthāya', 'hatthāsūra', and so on, with shell-shaped ornaments decorating the corners and edges.] The fourfold [term unclear], of the excellent hundred-and-[unclear]-fold power, [invoking] the Threefold Refuge (Ti-saraṇa); repeat 108 times.

[Three small three-by-three grid yantras set side by side, each framed by an arch-like border at the top, filled with Khom syllables.] These three yantra discs are for inscribing on a takrut, to ward against [something unclear].

[A seven-by-seven grid yantra filled with Khom syllables in every cell, with numerous diagonal lines drawn connecting pairs of cells across the whole grid.] (The hundred-and-eight [rite of the] Sage.) This formula is used together with fragrant materials; make the item and consecrate it upon oneself, repeating it 108 times, and only then is it complete.

[A small three-by-three grid yantra filled with Khom syllables.] Inscribe on copper and chant 108 times. For a single-strand takrut.

This formula is used for binding: write down the person's name, then bind that name into it. It may be used on a handkerchief or placed in a small locket; it is for loving-kindness, consecrated upon oneself; also for a takrut.

[A ten-petal lotus-flower yantra, each petal inscribed with a syllable, its central circle left blank.]

[A yantra of a square enclosing a diamond, with a lotus-bud-like emblem at its centre; Khom syllables mark its corners and side-midpoints.]

[A triangular yantra with the syllable 'ma' at the top corner, 'ha' at the lower-left corner, and '1' at the lower-right corner.] Used to make an oil that makes someone become infatuated and deluded; even the moon may serve; apply it for prosperity, so that people fall into loving infatuation. Applied bare to the eyebrows it causes bewilderment; also worn inscribed on a strip of iron.

[A row of eight small stupa-like finials set side by side.] Buddham} Rammam} — this formula, worked into face-powder, or set into a ring worn on the finger, is a special blessing; these six emblems have come down [from a master]. Sangmam}

Buddham, rammam, sangmam, rammam, Buddham. Consecrate the disc within, wherever it is to arise, to bind the heart; a child takes it and keeps it close to begin with, then consecrate it together with one such disc; it becomes supremely excellent indeed. [A cross-shaped yantra with a circle- or flower-like emblem at its centre.] [Chant syllables, largely unclear] ... consecrate the body ... [syllables unclear] ... [syllables unclear] (0) This formula is for love-charm use; once hollowed out and made, it is worn as an amulet, then worn hung down, as a love-charm to be worn by everyone.

[A large square grid yantra, roughly seven columns by seven rows, filled with Khom syllables in every cell, with numerous diagonal lines connecting pairs of cells across the grid.]

This formula dispels spirits. It has not [previously] been made as a single-strand takrut, because it concerns the breath of Brahmā; it is an oath of the wind within a temple hall. Prepare the offerings well and properly; it is exceedingly potent, and should there be doubt, [complete it] together with occult learning and the power of the Buddha's virtue, afterward repeating it 108 times. [Two syllables, unclear] ... this is the base pattern for drawing the yantra.

Lord Lion: 'Hasarichaya-singhasavaha' — one, for the male; 'Chayasinghasavaha' — one, for the female.

[Three spiral emblems arranged inside an oval frame, joined by wavy lines.] Anoint with your own hand at the place where the affliction sits: [Pali/Khom gloss, mostly unclear] ... (namo tissa imam).

[A pair of spiral emblems joined by wavy, root-like lines.] Whoever writes this should first pay the teacher's respect of 6 baht, offering agarwood and red sandalwood; turmeric and young cattle [products], not soft wood; oil-lamps, wax candles, gold-leaf candles; prepare a bowl [of offerings]. If anyone consecrates it without a shrine, the charm loses its constancy... [a run of Pali/Khom numerical invocation formulas, largely unclear] ... ... hair and body-hair...

[A long sequence of invocation formulas calling on deities, written in Khom/Pali-style syllables in repeated blocks, each block separated by a small spiral emblem; the wording throughout is not clearly legible.] This formula: consecrate an oil for anointing 1,000 times until it is complete, then take it on the full-moon day of the seventh month; it cuts off a thousand bonds and a thousand lifetimes' worth [of ill fortune], down to the very last. [a long block of chant text, not clearly legible] ... it ends here.

[An extended invocation, mostly in Khom/Pali-style transliteration and not fully legible, praising manifold virtues and power.] Formula, [as follows]: [a long run of Khom/Pali syllables, unclear] ... a well-made formula for the yantra ... [more unclear syllables] ... This formula should be inscribed: [unclear] make it using a comb-tail worked with white lotus, wipe the elbow, and moisten it with water before inscribing; once inscribed, consecrate it with the Buddha's power 108 times. When inscribing, have the sponsor's suffering removed properly, then make offerings to the Buddha with candles, flowers, and incense, and make offerings including a pig's head with skewers set in its mouth, water together with nine faces' worth of silver obtained properly: one pair of silver [items], one pair of engraved silver, gilt silver and gilt gold one pair each, red and white boiled rice-cakes, [other] cakes, and hand-held sweets — carry out every one of these requirements, and then hold the ritual meal; it is exceedingly potent.

[A yantra of a square enclosing a diamond, with the word 'silver' (ngoen) marked at its centre; Khom syllables mark its corners and side-midpoints.] [A four-armed cross-shaped yantra labelled 'ten clouds' (tossamek); a small stamped box to its left is not clearly legible.] Excellent for inscribing on a single-strand takrut.

[A ten-petal lotus yantra, its centre circle left blank, each petal marked with a numeral.] [A yantra of a square enclosing a diamond, labelled 'Red Cloth, Candle-head' at its centre, with six Khom syllables set within circles marking the corners and side-midpoints.]

[A yantra shaped like a stepped pyramid/staircase, filled with rows of Khom syllables, each step topped with a small flame- or stupa-like finial.] 'White Cloth, Candle-head'

This yantra, inscribed on a cloth amulet, endures and holds its power to the very end — and so it is obtained.

[A large triangular yantra divided into stacked rows forming a numerical pyramid; each cell holds a single Thai numeral, with a single '1' at the apex and each row below widening further, down to the base row.] Caption [partly unclear]: the whole set/body.

[A small three-row grid table, partly filled with Khom syllables; some cells in the bottom row are left blank.] [unclear] this yantra does not fully [unclear].

[An oval/vesica emblem with four small circles surrounding a stupa-like symbol at its centre; each circle is marked with a Khom syllable.] [opening words unclear] ... This formula, inscribed on a takrut, brings prosperity of every kind.

105

[Diagram: a two-tiered lotus-petal roundel enclosing a nine-cell (3x3) square yantra, filled with khom characters and Thai numerals in each cell, with a small circle at the centre; the upper petals carry small chedi (stupa) spires and the side/lower petals end in pointed tips; Thai numerals ring the outer edge. Not confidently legible.]

[illegible] } page 108, [repeated]

[illegible]

[Diagram: four small round yantras, each divided into a 2x2 grid or cross, filled with khom characters. Not confidently legible.]

This charm is for a takrut [illegible]. This charm is for a takrut tied on the wrist, so the child never cries. This charm is for a takrut [illegible], so the child does not cry [illegible]. This charm is for [illegible].

106

[Diagram: a rectangular yantra of three rows by four columns, filled with khom characters, with pointed spire-like tips on all four sides; captions run along all four borders. Not confidently legible.]

[illegible]

[Diagram: a small square yantra labelled on its four sides, with arrows pointing outward in the four directions. Not confidently legible.] For a daughter, [illegible] a child [illegible].

[Two small square-outline diagrams] This charm is inscribed on [illegible]. This charm is inscribed on [illegible].

[Diagram: a petalled-flower cartouche bearing characters, linked by a line to a drawing of a fish] "Wards off everything."

107

[Diagram: a circular yantra divided into a nine-cell cross-grid, filled with khom characters, with a chedi finial above and below and small cloud-scroll motifs decorating the four corners. Not confidently legible.]

[illegible]

[Diagram: a similarly-structured circular yantra with a different set of khom characters, with pointed finials above and below]

[illegible]

108

[Diagram: a rhombus (diamond) yantra formed from a tilted grid, filled with khom characters, with arrows radiating outward from every cell along its edges and scissor-like/cross ornaments at the four points. Not confidently legible.]

Inscribe [illegible] on a fingernail-clipping [charm], or on a garment — it grants invulnerability (khong kraphan chatri) and is also for loving-kindness/charm [illegible]; it wards off all enemies, and cast in [illegible] copper, gold, and silver, it can be used for anything.

[Diagram: a small 4x4 grid filled with Thai numerals — a magic-number square] For [illegible] a child/heir [illegible]. [illegible].

109

[Diagram: a cross-shaped yantra ringed on its four arms, with a figure seated in the centre, hands raised in a wai/meditation gesture, surrounded by khom characters and Thai numerals along the border. Not confidently legible.]

This [text] is for casting a single-strand takrut; it wards off everything and keeps one safe from harm — consecrate it upon oneself.

[Diagram: a small crumpled square of cloth marked with khom characters] It is a cloth to be wound around the arm, for [illegible] charm.

[Diagram: a small square yantra with diagonal cross-lines and a chedi at its centre, khom characters in the four corners] Inscribe [illegible] with these characters, [illegible] — once consecration of the single-strand takrut is complete, it is truly excellent.

110

[Diagram: three chedi spires set side by side within a rounded, flower-like border, enclosing khom characters in three small circles, with a caption at the centre. Not confidently legible.]

This [charm] can serve as an amulet-cord, or as a cloth [illegible]; [illegible] — inscribe it and place it within the ordination hall; [illegible] so that it becomes auspicious.

[Diagram: a square yantra with diagonal lines forming an inner rhombus, khom characters in the four outer corners and a character at the centre] Inscribe [illegible], make [illegible], [illegible].

111

[Diagram: a circle divided into six sections, three of them decorated with cloud-scroll/small-circle motifs, filled with khom characters. Not confidently legible.]

This yantra [illegible].

[Diagram: a rhombus (diamond) yantra with rounded corners at its four points, four khom characters and a small water-vessel figure at the centre, joined by lines] This yantra [illegible] — a binding yantra for a cord [illegible].

[Diagram: a small square yantra with diagonal cross-lines, a chedi finial at each of the four corners, filled with Thai numerals and khom characters] This charm is for attraction/charm — it makes people [drawn to one], [illegible], keeping young women and older women alike [captivated].

112

[Diagram: a rhombus (diamond) yantra with rounded loop-shaped ends, filled with rows of khom characters, a chedi finial at the top point. Not confidently legible.]

Inscribe it on a cloth amulet [illegible], or stuff [illegible] into [illegible], and as a takrut [illegible] — it wards off animals, wards off [harmful] acts done against one, and guards against everything; it is truly excellent.

[Diagram: a small 4x4 grid filled with Thai numerals — a magic-number square] For binding a child/heir to [illegible], [illegible].

113

Casting the Hathai-niyom ("heart's desire") takrut

[Diagram: two circular yantras, each divided into a cross-shaped grid, filled with khom characters and Thai numerals; a Tri-Nising yantra sits at the centre of the left circle.]

"Su-si-ta-si-ma-su-ta-ro-su-si-la, su-pa-ka-to ma-su-sa si-la ka-je-ti-ro-de-sa-do-va-si-mu-ma-to." This verse: use plates of gold, silver, iron, copper, and lead that have been soaked in oil and left to absorb the scent. Chant this formula over them, chanting it seven times in a session; do this for a full seven days, and on the eighth day chant it a full 108 times. It is truly excellent for loving-kindness/charm. If you doubt it, take the scented oil and rub it on a mouse or a cat — it will not bite. It may also be dropped into a jar of standing water.

Turn it in sequence — it wards off everything.

114

[Diagram: an eight-pointed star enclosing a 4x4 grid, filled with Thai numerals and khom characters, with scissor-like/cross ornaments decorating the eight points. Not confidently legible.]

This yantra [illegible] for the household [illegible]; recite/summon [illegible] to cause death [illegible] [illegible] however small; recite over [illegible]; recite over the lock, over the lock; recite over the snake-lock, over the snake; recite over [illegible].

"[Illegible Pali/khom formula, not confidently legible.]"

115

[Diagram: a circle with diagonal cross-lines and an inner rhombus (diamond) frame, khom characters at the centre and at the corners. Not confidently legible.]

"The mighty deity (5); the deity who dwells upon the mountain (deva); the sage who dwells by the healing waters (rishi); the lord who dwells in the golden land (raja); the yaksha who dwells in the eastern region (yaksha)."

Furthermore, this formula speaks of the Buddha's compassion [illegible], his power being supreme; whoever recites it constantly will be kept safe from all danger [illegible]. It invites the Lord Kakusandha, the Lord Konagamana, the Lord Kassapa, and the Lord Sri Ariya Metteyya to descend and grant victory to the army, so that the enemy's forces are utterly routed.

[Diagram: a small circle divided into a four-part cross, filled with khom characters] Inscribe it on a palm-leaf held in the right hand — it wards off every enemy.

[Diagram: a small 2x2 square yantra, filled with khom characters] Keep this charm in the house — it wards off thieves.

116

[Diagram: an eight-petalled flower enclosing a 4x4 grid, filled with Thai numerals and khom characters, with scissor-like/cross ornaments decorating the eight points. Not confidently legible.]

This yantra, inscribed [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] so that [illegible].

[Illegible passage.]

[Illegible passage.]

116

[diagram: a two-ring circular yantra divided into eight equal segments; the outer ring bears a repeated coiled khom-script character in every segment, the inner ring bears a different khom akkhara in each segment — the individual characters cannot be read with confidence]

This yantra [illegible], then mix it with lime/plaster and wrap it in a young banana leaf, then put this yantra into the lime. Once the lime is made, chant it over yourself 108 times, then [illegible] to be eaten fresh, or give it to a [illegible] woman, so it is said.

This yantra is placed in a jar of water for an infant, so that [illegible].

[diagram: an oval cartouche bearing the characters "จร" and small Thai numerals — resembling a seal mark for this yantra]

• [illegible — a line resembling a Pali-influenced incantation] ...so as to make it a powerful charm, so it is said.

117

[diagram: a triangular yantra topped with a flame-like finial resembling a stupa spire; inside, a circle encloses one khom character, above two lines of text reading "[illegible]" and "[illegible]" stacked beneath it; along both slanted edges of the triangle, khom-script characters curve up toward the apex, and text reading "[illegible]" runs along the base — the individual characters cannot be read with confidence]

This sacred yantra is made as a single piece of [illegible] lead, for the wearer to hold in the mouth, keeping it as a [illegible]; chant it [illegible] three times, then [illegible], bow before the Buddha image, and recite the incantation [illegible]

[illegible] so that this [illegible] ends — for children and people of every kind, at [illegible] time

of birth; it is used to work a charm of [illegible], reciting the formula [illegible]

[illegible]. When it is made in the name of [illegible], take

the name [illegible] and [illegible], then [illegible] before the Buddha image and [illegible] for this formula. [illegible]

[illegible].

[diagram: a long hexagonal cartouche bearing the characters "สรตสง ฉี" and a small round seal followed by the numeral "1"]

[illegible] ...so as to grant what is wished for, so it is said.

118

[diagram: a square yantra with diagonal lines and a diamond overlaid at the center; the top-left corner bears the character "บัง", top-right "ยัง", bottom-left "ขึง", bottom-right "ขึง", and a circle at the center holds one khom character] This yantra is placed into a water vessel,

to ward off spirits, so it is said.

[diagram: a 3x3 grid of Thai numerals — top row 4 2 3, middle row 6 1 3, bottom row 8 2 3] This yantra wards off

convulsions in children and serious abscesses, so it is said.

[diagram: a 4x4 grid of Thai numerals — row 1: 2 2 3 16, row 2: 2 27 8 10, row 3: 16 16 9 5, row 4: 1 1 14 6] To be placed in a winnowing basket,

vermilion-lacquered goods, against abscesses.

[diagram: a square yantra with a diamond overlaid at the center; the corners bear khom characters "กา", "กะ", "กา", "กา", and the diamond's interior bears "รร", "ธำ", "ร"] This yantra seals

and also protects the house against every kind of enemy.

[diagram: a long hexagonal cartouche bearing four repeated khom characters]

[illegible — instructions about placing silver/money to protect a woman from sorcery worked against her], so it is said.

119

[diagram: a square yantra with a diamond overlaid at the center; the corners bear the khom characters "กา", "ก", "กา", "กา", and the diamond's interior bears "รร", "ธำ", "ร"] This yantra seals

and also protects the house against every kind of enemy.

[diagram: a circle divided into a 3x3 grid holding nine khom characters, one per cell] A woven amulet worn

to guard against [an unclear affliction].

[diagram: a square yantra with crossed diagonal lines; the top and bottom bear the character "๑ก", the left and right sides bear "ธ"] This yantra is written

into a garment to be worn as protection, concealed [in the seam]. So it is said.

[diagram: a small square yantra; the top corners bear "บ" and "บ", the center a tree-like scribble, the bottom corners "รร" and "รร"] This yantra unsettles [the beloved's] composure,

serving as a charm of attraction. So it is said.

[diagram: a square yantra with the character "พ" enclosed in a circle, repeated five times — at each of the four corners and in the center] This yantra is placed on the wrist

to ward off fever and illness. So it is said.

120

[diagram: a tall three-finialed stupa-shaped yantra with khom characters running down the center shaft and along both flanking edges — the individual characters cannot be read with confidence]

[seal] 9 This charm is kept written in the house so that there will be no infidelity. So it is said.

[diagram: a small stupa-shaped yantra with khom characters inside a circle set upon three tiers of cloud-scroll ornament — cannot be read with confidence]

[illegible — instructions about writing it doubled/folded]

...serves as a place of refuge at a [difficult] time, guarding all people; chant it over oneself. So it is said.

[diagram: a 2x2 grid yantra bearing the characters "ม", "ต", "ต", "ร"] This yantra wards off trouble;

after 3 months a husband and wife will not quarrel.

121

[diagram: a triangular yantra topped with flame-like scrollwork; inside, khom characters are arranged in rows reading "7", "yara 7", "chayasa 4", "chemetathaya" — the individual characters cannot be read with confidence]

Chant this charm over yourself 108 times, then place it beneath your usual sleeping place to ward off boils/abscesses. So it is said.

[diagram: a 2x2 grid yantra bearing the same khom character repeated in all four cells — cannot be read with confidence] This charm, placed on a house eave and worn on the head,

renders one unseen. So it is said.

122

[diagram: no image here — two short lines of khom/Pali-style text — cannot be read with confidence]

[illegible] This yantra guards against a charm that makes the face fall out of favor; it can also be inscribed on a takrut [rolled talisman].

[diagram: a 4x4 grid yantra of Thai numerals — top row 1 1 7 3, second row 5 8 8 2, third row 5 7 2 [illegible], bottom row 5 [illegible] 1 [illegible]] Inscribe this on a takrut of gold, gold alloy,

silver, copper, or lead, for a woman whose children have died [in infancy]; inscribing this takrut will let the next child survive.

[diagram: a 3x3 grid yantra bearing the khom characters "รร", "เย", "ฒุ" / "ชำ", "ชา", "หา" / "ชะ", "ตะ", "เก"] This yantra is placed on the palm of the hand; it is called [a charm] worn together with chanting;

one rubs it on oneself and [illegible] to make a woman sleep,

[illegible] at a time she will not believe, so as to summon [illegible] by breath/wind

[illegible] this verse calls the name

of the woman [illegible]; this verse is for chanting the yantra.

123 Tamra Phetcharat Maha-yant [running book title]

[diagram: a nine-tiered right-triangular stepped yantra; each tier holds cells filled with Thai/khom characters, from one cell in the top row to nine cells in the bottom row; finial-like ornaments mark each tier along the sloped edge, with several lines of labeling characters running down the left margin — the individual characters cannot be read with confidence]

[a row of syllables, apparently a chant sequence — cannot be confidently parsed: "ร แ เยี่ยเยี่ยลว เล ฟ้อ กะ ยะ ยะ / มะ ล ฬ เยาะ ธุ ม ชะ"] 0 [illegible] This yantra of the Buddha image [Phra Nim] — one should chant it over oneself [illegible]. So it is said.

124

[diagram: a nine-tiered right-triangular stepped yantra similar to the previous page, but each tier holds a different set of Thai/khom characters, from one cell in the top row to nine cells in the bottom row; finial ornaments mark each tier along the sloped edge, with labeling characters down the left margin — the individual characters cannot be read with confidence]

[illegible — a row of chant-syllables printed beneath the diagram]

This yantra of the Buddha image [Phra Nim] — one should chant it over oneself [illegible]. So it is said.

125

[diagram: a nine-tiered right-triangular stepped yantra, each cell filled with a Thai numeral or khom character; finial ornaments mark each tier along the sloped edge, with labeling characters running down the left margin — the individual characters cannot be read with confidence]

This charm is mixed into whitewash/plaster to ward off spirits; it is also placed to seal a house door against every kind of harm. (Abbreviation: p. p. 1. r. 1.)

[diagram: a small square yantra bearing the characters "16 pha" in the top row and "kha kha" in the bottom row] This yantra, on a woven leaf strip, is tied around the neck

so as to bring good fortune. So it is said.

[diagram: a small square yantra with the single numeral "2" in the middle] . Used as a wick/core

for a torch-taper. So it is said.

126

[diagram: a rectangular frame with text reading "[illegible]" on the top line and "[illegible]" on the bottom line] This yantra is tied on the hand

when the child is born. So it is said.

• Both of these charms are inscribed on paper and placed inside a pillowcase; when [the owner] is about to sleep, coming to lie down and fall asleep, they will wake to find their belongings restored/undisturbed. So it is said.

[diagram: two concentric circular yantras, each divided into ring-segments filled with Thai numerals — some individual digits cannot be read with confidence]

[diagram: a 4x4 grid yantra mixing khom characters and Thai numerals — several cells cannot be read with confidence] This charm, placed in a money-pouch, will never run out. Etc.

[diagram: a 3x3 grid yantra of Thai numerals: "6 2 6 / 6 2 6 / 6 2 2"] For one who has nothing [worth much] to sell for money —

this charm, tied on the child's wrist, [will bring fortune]. So it is said.

127

[diagram: a 4x4 grid yantra mixing khom characters and Thai numerals — several cells cannot be read with confidence] Inscribe this on a rolled takrut of gold, gold alloy, silver, or copper;

kept in a money-pouch, the money used from it will never run out.

[diagram: a 4x4 grid yantra of Thai numerals — top row 11 1 16 3, second row 5 4 4 7, third row 3 [illegible] 3 7, bottom row 4 11 11 13] This yantra is for a fetus's teeth developing in the womb;

tied around the mother's waist so that the child comes forth safely. So it is said.

[diagram: a small vertical yantra bearing the numeral "5" between the numerals "4" and "1"] This yantra, placed on a betel leaf,

draws out wealth/good fortune; for an easy birth. So it is said.

[diagram: a triangular yantra topped with scrollwork; khom characters run vertically inside — cannot be read with confidence] This yantra seals the house gable,

against every kind of enemy. So it is said.

128

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square, decorated with scrollwork at the corners and mid-sides] Front elephant, no. 1

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square, decorated with scrollwork at the corners and mid-sides] Rear elephant, no. 2

This yantra is for inscribing on takrut [rolled amulet tubes] sheathed in gold, nak-alloy, silver, or copper — it wards off weapons and armaments of every kind, [applying to] all four of these pieces.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square with scrollwork] Side/flank elephant, no. 3 [reading of "ซับ" uncertain]

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square with scrollwork] Right elephant, no. 4

[Diagram: a rectangular frame containing two lines of script, not clearly legible] This yantra binds a rampart/stronghold [ป้อม] to drive out... [illegible]

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square, some cells with two-digit numbers] This is inscribed to seal the tops of the house posts, at the 4 corners.

129

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square] This is inscribed to seal the head of the roof-beam [รอด] ...

[Diagram: a diamond inscribed within a square frame, with a character at each of the four corners (ฐ, ค, ค, ร) and the word "ชื่อ" ("name") written in the centre] The numerals/formula for this spell are: wi-cha-se-la, chi-se-ka-ja, se-la-jib, li-se-pa-ji. Recite the numeral formula nine times through; it becomes a charm of loving-kindness (mettā) — if used to draw someone from afar, take that person's name and inscribe it on the takrut.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square, some cells with two-digit numbers] This is for a woman whose infant frets and kicks constantly at the breast — sore from the child raising its hand/arm to nurse; with this the infant will stop kicking entirely.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square] This is inscribed onto a woven leaf or a palm leaf, soaked in water and given to a woman to drink, so that she gives birth easily.

130

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square] This yantra is written and placed inside the house; it wards off every kind of enemy. [remainder illegible]

[Diagram: an eight-pointed star overlaid on a square and a diamond, with khom characters at each point and a character read as "ครุ" (uncertain) in the centre] This yantra is inscribed on the roof of a farm dwelling, applied with plaster/lime.

[Diagram: a house-shaped figure (a triangle above a square), with a character written in each compartment] This yantra is placed in a cradle, to guard against convulsions/fits.

[Diagram: a 3x3 grid of Thai consonant letters] This is placed inside a money purse so that it never runs out.

131

[Diagram: a diamond nested inside a square frame, with characters at eight points and, at the centre, a drawing of a stupa/reliquary base] This yantra is inscribed on the door-lintel [of a] lion-gate.

[Diagram: a cross-shaped figure with the characters ธ, ร, ค, ว, รร at the ends of the arms] This yantra, tried out on everyone [who saw it], became an excellent charm of royal favour/attraction for rogues and gamblers.

[Diagram: a 3x3 grid of characters, with a stupa-base drawn at the centre and characters bordering all four sides — not clearly legible]

[illegible]

[Diagram: a 3x3 grid of characters (ณ, ค, ฐ์ / รร, 0, ณ / อิ, ยา, ณ)] This is inscribed on a takrut, consecrated by oneself; it wards off external harm/possession.

This yantra is placed on a takrut of especially excellent renown.

This yantra is inscribed on a takrut to protect against boils and every kind of parasite/disease — keep it close at hand.

[Diagram: a 3x3 grid of characters (รร, ฏู, ฃ / ฐิ, ฃิ, รก / ช, ฃ, ฃิ)]

132

[Diagram: a circle divided into six wedges, each marked with a Thai numeral (33, 2, 6, ...)] Inscribed on lead and placed in the water given to an infant, to ward off every affliction.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square] ← This is inscribed on a palm leaf, soaked in water and [drunk] during labour, for an easy birth.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square, some cells holding multi-digit numbers] This yantra seals the door against ghosts/spirits.

[Diagram: a nine-cell grid with characters only in the four corners (ธรร / 8 / ธรร), the remaining cells blank] Consecrated onto a small case/locket — becomes a charm of attraction.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square with multi-digit numbers] Inscribed on a takrut tied at the waist, for an easy birth.

133

[Diagram: a trefoil, clover-like figure with three circles (one letter above, two below) and three tapering flame-like points]

These two flower-shaped yantras are inscribed on a cord and tied on; whether [the cord/setting is] gold, nak-alloy, silver, copper, or lead, it protects against every kind of weapon. It has been tested and proven to be an especially wondrous thing.

[Diagram: a figure resembling an unopened lotus bud, made of several nested spiral rings, with three tapering points above, each point marked with a character]

[Diagram: a diamond frame with characters running around its border and a drop/heart shape drawn at the centre] 0 Recite the mantra of great power to seal this yantra, no. 1. Inscribed on a takrut for great popularity/charm (mahā-niyom).

134

[Diagram: an eight-pointed star overlaid on a circle, with a triple-nested diamond at the centre containing the numeral 11 at the very middle, and characters/a mantra running around the outer rim as a ring of text]

0 [To be placed on] the lid of a small case/locket, as a charm of loving-kindness (mettā).

[Diagram: a small diamond within a square frame, with a character at each of the four corners] This yantra, [placed on] the lid [of a box holding] wealth, protects against every kind of weapon — most excellent indeed.

[Diagram: a circle divided into eight sections, each containing a khom character] ← This one causes paralysis/immobilises a wrongdoer [i.e. stops someone doing something improper].

135

[Diagram: a diamond within a square frame, a character at each of the four corners, the word "ยรุ" written at the centre] The front [figure]

[Diagram: a trefoil, clover-like figure with a character in each of three circles] The back [figure], very excellent.

A formula for [drawing] a partner/pairing, dispelling quarrels — usable also for seeking a child.

[Diagram: a diamond within a square frame, a character at each of the four corners, the word "ยรุ" written at the centre] ← Inscribed on a takrut for loving-kindness (mettā).

[Diagram: a triangle topped with a stupa/reliquary spire, with characters and a number written inside the triangle] 0 [illegible] the binding formula. The essence [effective for] 109 years [remainder illegible]

[Diagram: a rounded-corner square frame with the characters รร, ยธ / ยธ, รร in its four compartments] Inscribed against fire and severe toothache.

136

[Diagram: a two-lobed, shell-like shape, each lobe marked with the numeral 2]

[Diagram: a drop shape marked with the letter "ช" and the numeral "3"]

[Romanised/glossed katha, apparently a Pali-derived charm-formula]: "mathao satawiti sowan riyodiyanrisowarasewa, [repeat] 9 [times]" For a golden-tongued mynah [a charm for eloquence/persuasiveness]; consecrate it according to the astrological strength of the day. [Further katha, largely untranslatable as transcribed]: "thidongut lak-chi-phi-pha khu koet-chu-phi-samphu-wai-he wai-rue-wai-phu wai-khu thi-khro-rasitthi-sap-hai" [recite] 9 [times]

For a golden-tongued mynah, [to be] inscribed according to the astrological strength of the day.

[Diagram: a square yantra with a five-pointed star at its centre, characters bordering it, labelled "born under [this] asterism"] [Diagram: a 4x4 grid of Thai letters] (the "grass" figure) [illegible] (the "wrapped" figure) elder/venerable, 2, named [illegible]

[Diagram: a square frame with the characters 77, ก / 77, ก in its four compartments] This yantra is written onto a woven leaf and eaten/ingested.

137

[Diagram: two trefoil, clover-like figures; the first marked with the numerals 1, 1 in its upper and lower lobes, the second marked with the letter ธ in each] Male [figure] Female [figure].

[Diagram: two circles, a small stupa drawn inside the smaller one] For the mynah-bird [charm] Inscribed on a takrut — this covers every kind of loving-kindness (mettā) charm.

[Diagram: a triangle containing the drawing of a fish, marked at its top corner with the letters "กตติ"]

[Diagram: two small triangles, one marked "ตดด" pointing to "the male figure", the other marked "ตธธ" pointing to "the joined/female figure"]

The golden carp/rasbora [ปลาตะเพียนทอง] is foremost for inscribing takrut for loving-kindness charms; it may also be set into a small case — every kind [of mettā charm] can be inscribed on it and consecrated into the object itself. The golden carp, consecrated into the object itself, for loving-kindness.

138

[Diagram: a sawtooth-edged circle with two lines of characters written inside] a horoscope/fortune [figure] [Diagram: a spire-like shape with characters inside] emptiness/void yupraj [a title-like word]

[Diagram: a curved leaf- or ribbon-like shape with characters inside] the deputy/heir sovereign

[Diagram: two linked oval loops forming a figure-eight, the lower loop marked with characters and labelled "protects the reliquary/stupa"] [Diagram: two ovals stacked lengthwise, marked with characters and labelled "protects the banner/flag"]

All five of these elements/charms may be worn on oneself, or given to another to wear; they may also be set as a permanent seal [in a house, etc.]. Inscribe them on a takrut to ward off every affliction, consecrated into the object itself.

139

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square] This yantra, inscribed and twisted/bound in place, guards against the wasting of flesh in the belly [i.e. against a wasting affliction of the stomach].

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square, some cells with two-digit numbers] This is inscribed and tattooed [sak]; if pain or dysentery arises it also helps; one travels freely anywhere, and is respected/held in esteem by others.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square] This yantra is inscribed on a takrut to bind [a matter] so that whoever sees it cannot speak of it aloud.

[Diagram: a 4x4 numeral yantra square, some cells with two-digit numbers] This is inscribed to guard against gossip/malicious talk about a person's character, spoken excessively; [remainder illegible].

[Yantra: two elongated four-legged lizard-like creatures (like a gecko or monitor lizard) drawn one above the other. The upper one is labeled "female" (ตัวเมีย), the lower one labeled "male" (ตัวผู้). Several [Khom characters in the yantra, not confidently legible] mark points on each animal's body.] Combine the male and female [figures]; place them together with a betel-leaf/[unclear term] charm sheet like this. "[Pali-like formula, partly obscure] ... refuge in the Dhamma ... refuge in the Sangha..." Once the geckos come together, take [the ritual token] and pass it through fire; explain it carefully, and it will make a woman fall in love, filling her with devotion — a love charm for all, complete. [Diagram: a cross marking the four cardinal directions, each arm labeled with a letter] [Diagram: a circle divided in half, with the numerals 2 2 / 7 7 marked in it] This record [belongs to] the four deva-sons of power; place it wherever there is a wife/spouse, for love and devotion, most powerful. [Khom characters in the yantra, not confidently legible — a mantra line at the bottom of the page]

[Yantra: nested rectangular frames; each of the four corners is marked with the letter "te" (เต); the center bears the numerals "1 3 1" and a small circle containing a Khom character.] This spell, made into a yantra, can be worn as an amulet-cloth, or written on lead, or tied as a cord around the neck. This numerical yantra, once made, becomes a powerful charm of love — carry it further, [for success in dealings/travels], complete. Even tigers and four-footed beasts cannot overcome [one who bears it]. [Yantra: a three-pronged line radiating from a central circle marked "7" to two outer circles, each bearing Khom characters.] Charge this device and it becomes a love-charm, for affection [between people] — apply it at the door-hinge against enemies. [Yantra: an oval shape labeled with the characters "กณ กเณ".] Place this where husband and wife hate each other greatly. [Yantra: a curved line strung with bead-like circles, ending in a circle marked with the character "มา".] Place this in the house, to ward off all manner of harm.

[Yantra: a turtle figure; inside its shell are the characters "คกน ตบพ ชแก" [not confidently legible].] Write this to place [in incense/offerings], to unite the hearts and end [resistance in] a woman — a love-charm, complete. [Yantra: a diagonal cross marked with "77" and "ra", captioned alongside as "wards off tigers".] [Yantra: a circle containing four Khom characters arranged "5 th / th th" [not confidently legible].] This serves as a matter of [drawing a spouse close / binding a couple]. [Yantra: a cloud- or lotus-petal-like shape formed of eight small linked circles, each bearing a Khom character [not confidently legible], with a passage of text alongside on the right.] [Khom characters in the yantra, not confidently legible — the passage on the right describes using this to protect against enemies, so that none dare approach, and instructs that it be written and carried on the person.]

[Yantra: a droplet/gourd shape at the top labeled "แหน"; crossing lines lead down into a rounded rectangle divided into two compartments — the left marked "สุติ", the right marked "กตะ" — below which is written "charm for men's affection"; to the left and right are the characters "ขุ้ยภู้" and "ขุ้ยภู้ขะ".] 1.8 — for this numeral-charm, inscribe both yantras thoroughly and let it be known; tie it around the neck, or fasten it to one's shirt, for attraction. Men's affection — 1.8; blessing — 1.8; merit/power — 1.8. This numeral must be reverently offered and kept lit [with incense] so that it is never lost. [Yantra: a diamond shape inside a square frame; the center bears the character "1".] Consecrate this together with the number 1, [mantra syllables] — an act [requiring that] this record be written at all four corners, so that the deities may receive it. [Yantra: a gourd shape inside an oval frame, labeled "ตเลข ตเลข" (numeral, numeral).] This record is to be tied at the wrist; it is very effective for [attracting] young women.

[Yantra: a triangle; the top vertex circled and marked with the letter "a"; the lower-left vertex marked "ma"; the lower-right vertex marked "ya"; along the sides are written "a point" (จุด), "mind" (จิต), "mind" (จิต).] This record is used to awaken/animate the charm, complete. [Yantra: a double circle enclosing four Khom characters arranged "ha ha / ta ta" [not confidently legible].] This record, made into an amulet cord (takrut), tied on children's wrists, wards off all manner of harm. [Yantra: a crescent-moon/boat shape, with a row of four Khom characters below it, "33 / th ya" [not confidently legible].] This record is written to greet [i.e., attract] a woman, causing her to fall deeply in love. [Yantra: a double circle enclosing four Khom characters, "ta ta / thi thi" [not confidently legible].] This record wards off thieves so they cannot steal; a very potent numeral-charm, complete. [Yantra: a circle divided into a 3×3 grid, each cell marked with a character: "a na a / th (symbol) mew / tu tu yaw" [some characters not confidently legible].] Place this in a locket/case as a charm of loving-kindness toward others.

[Yantra: a triangular pyramid of interlinked circles rising in tiers from a base of seven circles (marked "taka tathi ja-ja sa-sa chotho thocha thoma" [some characters not confidently legible]), climbing tier by tier to an apex bearing a stupa-like symbol.] This record may be placed in a hat, worn as an amulet cloth, or used for a child. This record is a spell of 108 syllables. Na[mo]... This record protects the wearer and wards off greeting/harm most excellently. Once the [ritual substance] has been applied and dried smooth, one then goes to tattoo it — on such-and-such a date, 1 2 3 1 9 — to blind [enemies'] eyes so that [the wearer] vanishes from sight, complete. [Yantra: a 4×4 grid, every cell filled with the repeated character "ya".] This record is written and kept at the head of one's sleeping place, so that no harm whatsoever may occur. [Yantra: a square frame containing a diamond shape; the center bears the numerals "171".] Write this on a board and place it beneath where one sleeps; [used] the same way — nothing else is needed.

[Yantra: a curved boat shape, with a mast and flag flying amidships. Along the hull, in sequence, are Khom characters and Thai letters: on the left "2 th ya / th 2 th", on the right "tha-long / th 8 th / 701" [some characters not confidently legible].] This yantra is named [the guardian spirit] Chao Pho Thutchao, Khaeng Ko — homage to the Buddha. [Yantra: a droplet/gourd shape made up of five pairs of Khom characters stacked along its length [not confidently legible].] This yantra may be tied at the wrist; it is most efficacious. Consecrate it together with the heart-mantra "suno ho khunathunadun". [Yantra: a frame of two rounded compartments; the left one marked "anurak 2 sa", the right marked "tao 2 phakhawa".] 2. This record is consecrated for seven recitations. This record, once consecrated, is used to stroke the palm across a woman's face, [bringing] love; it is also used to consecrate water for washing the face, to win over/overcome others.

[Yantra: a fish figure; on its body are written the words "you think fondly and truly" [partly not confidently legible].] Write this on a palm leaf to ward off ghosts; complete. [Yantra: a double circle containing the characters "cho cho cho / cha / ra ta" [not confidently legible].] This record is placed to lay a ghost to rest, warding off the krasue (floating-organs ghost). [Yantra: a rectangular frame of four horizontal compartments, each marked with a Khom character [not confidently legible].] Write this and place it at a corner [of a rice store] so that crabs will not gnaw at the rice. [Yantra: a 3×3 grid, nearly every cell marked with the character "kapha".] This record is placed inside a betel leaf. [Yantra: an elongated hexagon marked with three characters in an upper row and three in a lower row, "ra ra ra / ra ra ra" [not confidently legible].] Write this to pierce/ward off malevolent stone-spirits of every kind.

[Yantra: a 3×3 grid marked with the characters "th tha na / ma 2 na / [repeat] 2 na" [some characters not confidently legible].] This yantra, written and placed against the wall of a house, will keep thieves from ever being able to steal anything, most powerful. Buddham, Dhammam, Sangham, charanam — a diamond that overturns [misfortune], a place of refuge — consecrate 108 times; it wards off every kind of weapon [as easily as] wind. [Yantra: a 3×3 grid with characters inside, flanked left and right by the words "pillar-charm" and "pillar-charm".] This record, kept, serves as a defense against every weapon. When one is to consecrate it, do so on a Friday during the Patimokkha [recitation], then chant this formula fully, 108 times... [may this] be a condition leading to Nibbana.

Placing the "front lock" [Yantra: a 5×5 grid (25 cells), each cell marked with a Khom or Thai character. The top row reads in part "ka ta ya ra sa"; the next row "thi sa thu thu thu"; the remaining characters [Khom characters in the yantra, not confidently legible].] Placing the "back lock" [Yantra: a triangle; the top vertex circled and marked "ra-ra"; the lower-left and lower-right vertices marked "yuk" (era) and "phu" (person) along the sides; the base marked with the character "pha" and another character [not confidently legible].] "Ehi jangkara" — may the Buddha's power bring about the foremost transformation, ninefold (this is set down as sacred characters).

[Yantra: a square frame with a diamond shape nested inside it; at each of the four corners of the diamond and at its center are small Khom-character figures resembling little spirits or deities, five in all [Khom characters in the yantra, not confidently legible].] Inscribe this as a wrist-cord amulet; those who wear it together will not fall into wrongdoing. [Yantra: a ten-petaled lotus set within three concentric circles; each petal and each inner compartment bears a Khom character [Khom characters in the yantra, entirely not confidently legible].] This yantra can be used for all manner of auspicious purposes; even glass/crystal set into it can succeed — it is most excellent, and has been made and used a great many times.

[Yantra: a square frame with a diamond shape nested inside it; at the four corners and the center are small Khom-character figures resembling little spirits or deities, five in all, as on the previous page [Khom characters in the yantra, not confidently legible].] Inscribe this as a wrist-cord amulet; those who wear it together will not fall into wrongdoing. [Yantra: a square frame with a diamond shape nested inside it; at its center is a small stupa-like or lotus-base symbol; at the four outer corners of the frame are clusters of Khom characters arranged in pairs as decoration [Khom characters in the yantra, not confidently legible].] Inscribe this on the face of a sandalwood grinding-stone [used for making sandalwood paste]; anointing the face with it is most excellent.

[Diagram: a twelve-petalled lotus flower yantra with three concentric rings; khom akkhara characters are written in every petal, around the inner ring, and in a 2x4 grid at the centre — the khom is not confidently legible] This yantra brings every kind of blessing and may be used for it; it also wards off harm and even spirits. It is exceedingly special — it has already been made and used many times.

[Diagram: a rectangular panel with cloud-shaped rounded ends top and bottom, divided into three rows; khom akkhara characters fill each cell — not confidently legible] Samanithu, khathakhama, ma-a-u, sivang phromma, svāhā. Chant this at the strength of the day [the ruling hour], then press it into the palm of the hand and stroke it down the back — it becomes a charm of loving-kindness (love charm).

[Diagram: a three-lobed, crossed-petal yantra topped with a spire like a parasol or a stupa finial; khom akkhara are written in the centre lobe, in the two lower lobes, and at the point where the lines cross — not confidently legible; a row of khom characters runs beneath the figure and is also not confidently legible] "Rūpañca, bindujātaṃ buddho hoti sambhavo" [a Pali-derived formula, in Thai script]. This formula is placed upon the body of the Supremely Perfected Lord [the Buddha].

Manual of the Great Yantra [page number not confidently legible]

Uṇālomā, matalā, buddha, chicheyaṃ, vakārakāti. This formula is placed upon the Buddha's uṇāloma (the curl of hair between the brows).

Buddhasaṅgami, phut, is smeared/anointed with wax [or similar]; it disperses and dispels anger; it wards off harm and misfortune; there is nothing to fear; loving-kindness towards it is paramount. Chant [this] over the yantra.

[Diagram: a small heading in khom script above a 4x4 grid yantra, not confidently legible; khom akkhara fill each cell of the grid — not confidently legible; columns of khom text run vertically down the left and right margins of the grid — not confidently legible] This yantra may be used for every purpose, or it may be inscribed as a single-charm takrut. Take the formula written within the yantra and recite it 108 times; it protects against and turns aside every kind of weapon — it is efficacious for all such purposes and exceedingly special.

[Diagram: four small units set side by side, each a spire like a stupa finial with a small circle beneath it containing a khom character, above a boat-shaped base flanked by two more khom characters; the khom akkhara are not confidently legible] This yantra is exceedingly special. Take lead, copper, or silver — any will do — and inscribe it with all manner of charms upon it: Phasangwisulo, pusaphupha — 36 times; iti pāramitā, etc. — 36 times; isawasu — 108 times; thusamani — 108 times, and it becomes very durable. If one wishes to cause paralysis/immobility [of an enemy or animal], hold it in the mouth and go.

[Diagram: a square yantra with a small circle marked at each of the four corners, a khom character at each corner, and a single khom character at the centre — not confidently legible] This yantra is inscribed on the skin of a buffalo's forehead. Arahaṃ, sammādiṅ, loki. Make lustral water with coconut water, then sprinkle it on that hide, then cover it with an upturned bowl. Recite over it continuously until [the hide] shrinks, using the formula given above; once it has shrunk, drive [the spirit/effect] forth with that same formula.

[Diagram: a square yantra with a diamond inscribed within it, khom characters at the corners of both the square and the diamond, and a small pedestal-like symbol resembling a stupa at the centre of the diamond — not confidently legible] This yantra is for [protection while] climbing; when inscribing the image of the Buddha [into it], say as follows:

"Buddhaṃ, dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ" seals/binds the deity's manifested power; sealed together with "buddhaṃ, dhammaṃ, saṅghaṃ" — sealed [bracket-style notation in the original, showing three lines bracketed to one action, repeated twice].

[Diagram: a 4x4 grid yantra with a small circle marked at each of the top two corners; a khom akkhara fills each of the sixteen cells — not confidently legible] This yantra is written and placed inside the rice granary; [rice] taken from it for eating never runs out — do not doubt it, it is truly effective.

[Diagram: a square yantra with a diamond inscribed within it; at the centre of the diamond is a crescent-moon symbol together with one khom character; khom akkhara mark the corners of the square, the points of the diamond, and the midpoint of each side — not confidently legible] This yantra makes childbirth easy.

[Diagram: a square yantra with a diamond inscribed within it, divided into a 4x4 grid; at the centre of the diamond a crescent-moon symbol together with a khom character; khom akkhara mark every surrounding cell — not confidently legible] This yantra makes the raising of children easy.

[Diagram: a butterfly-like or four-lobed crossed-cone figure hanging from a pedestal topped with a stupa-like finial; two circles at the top each hold several khom characters, two circles at the bottom hold khom characters, and further khom characters are scattered outside the four corners of the frame — not confidently legible] This yantra is inscribed as a single-cord takrut worn at the neck; it preserves and lengthens life of every kind.

[Diagram: a 4x4 grid yantra, a khom akkhara filling each cell — not confidently legible]

[Diagram: a triangular yantra with a circle containing a khom character at its apex; two clusters of khom characters flank its middle sides; a single khom character sits at the centre; two oval shapes at the base corners each contain a khom character — not confidently legible] This yantra, inscribed as a single-charm takrut, grants invulnerability to weapons — it is highly effective, as has long been attested.

[Diagram: a four-petalled flower yantra with fan- or propeller-like leaf shapes above and below; a khom akkhara marks each petal and the centre of the flower — not confidently legible] This yantra, inscribed as a champak-flower charm, becomes a charm of loving attraction.

[Diagram: a circular yantra divided into six sections by one vertical and two horizontal lines; a khom akkhara marks each section — not confidently legible] This yantra is written and placed under the bedding; the wife will never take a lover.

[Diagram: a rectangular yantra with a row of khom akkhara running around all four sides of the frame, and three khom characters arranged vertically at the centre — not confidently legible] This yantra protects against harmful sorcery — such magic will never take effect [against its bearer].

[Diagram: a symmetrical cross-shaped device with a pedestal like a stupa at the top centre; four round nodes at upper-left, upper-right, lower-left, lower-right each hold a khom character; wavy cord-like lines extend outward in all four directions from the centre point, with a khom character labelling the outer end of each direction — not confidently legible] Manaphatha, kasachapha, mittiutamana, chittichaphakasa, muttimana-a-u. This passage belongs to the earth element (pathavī-dhātu); [the formula called] "kho-khanthakala" is placed at the back. It withstands every affliction. Anoint the hands thoroughly with charmed sesame oil for great durability. If sickness has caused bruising and swelling, or pain anywhere, it is highly effective; the charmed oil may also be sprayed on and bathed with — it cures every condition.

[Diagram: the same symmetrical cross-shaped device repeated a second time; khom akkhara not confidently legible] Thaphamana, chaphakasa, vitti, thaphamana, mitti, thu-a, mana, chitti, chapha-asa. This passage belongs to the wind element (vāyo-dhātu); "kho-khanthakala" is placed on the left side as the arm. Chant it 108 times; it wards off and turns aside all manner of punishment and violence, very effectively. And if there is an abscess in the belly, or piles gathering in a mass, rub the affected part firmly by hand; and for all ailments of the digestive tract, anoint with the charmed oil for every condition, and it can also subdue [an opponent's] words/accusations.

[Diagram: the same symmetrical cross-shaped device as on the preceding page; khom akkhara not confidently legible] Nananaphatha, sakathacha, vitti, na-a i-u, vitti samanithu, chitti ikaviti, chitti namaau. This passage belongs to the water element (āpo-dhātu); "kho-chanthakala" is placed on the right side as the paralysing power. It subdues spears, swords, knives, and crossbow bolts; it wards off every weapon; even a chicken pecked by it is [protected], and it can even stay fire. If one wishes to bring rain, recite it and rain will fall. It may be used 108 [times] in various undertakings.

[Diagram: the same symmetrical cross-shaped device repeated once more; khom akkhara not confidently legible] Phathanama, phachasaka, chitti, phachasaka, mutti a-u, nama, chutti, karamatha. This passage belongs to the fire element (tejo-dhātu); "kho-chanthakala" is placed in front as the great paralysing power. Chant over betel-quid or medicinal herb-root and eat it for great durability; wash the head with it repeatedly; chant over medicine and take it to cure every sickness and affliction — it heals every condition.

[Diagram: a Thai-numeral magic square, 4x4 cells, each cell holding a number or a word — several cells not confidently legible. Top row: 3, 17, 33, 33; second row: 12, 1, 12, [illegible]; third row: 33, 36, "pen" (?), [illegible]; bottom row: 1, [illegible], "yung" (?), 19] This yantra, printed as a stamped impression, makes childbirth easy; it may also be inscribed in silver.

[Diagram: a small square yantra with a khom akkhara at each of the four corners — not confidently legible] This yantra is inscribed as a takrut tied to a child's wrist so that the child does not die.

[Diagram: a small rectangular yantra with two rows of khom akkhara written inside — not confidently legible] This yantra is inscribed as a takrut tied to a child's wrist so that the child does not cry.

Isothaya, namaphatha, ikaviti, chibiseki, nachatiti, chaphakasa, laramadu, samathusa, nalopha, kanhehenaha, thusamani, sangwichapukayapa, apamayupa, thimasang-angkhu, i-a-u-i, sathawipi paau, samanithu, thumanisa. This formula: chant it 108 times over a takrut for a child born in a set of two [twins?] — it is highly effective.

[Diagram: a square yantra with a diamond inscribed within it; khom akkhara mark the four outer corners, the midpoint of each of the four sides, and the four points of the diamond, with a single khom character at the diamond's centre — not confidently legible] This yantra, wrapped and worn/buried [for a boy or girl child - obscure phrase], brings love during the waxing moon and aversion [toward rivals] during the waning moon. It is charmed with the "heart of the ten [past] lives" formula, exceedingly special. Whoever encounters its bearer and partakes will never be able to stop [loving them]. One should venerate and consecrate it oneself for it to take effect; chant over the yantra oneself 108 times, then place it in the bottom of a money pouch — the money will never run out, most effectively.

[Diagram: a diagonal cross figure made of eight round nodes arranged in three rows of three-two-three, each node containing a khom character; two labels mark the centre, "his/her name" (ชื่อเขา) above and "my name" (ชื่อเรา) below; small khom characters mark the outside of all four corners — not confidently legible] When writing the numerals into the yantra, [the four syllables] are called the lion-cub numerals. Ra — yearning; mo — thinking of; phut — deeply beloved; thā — meaning "child"; ya — child in the womb; na. Recite this formula continuously until a candle weighing one baht has burned down entirely; and when wetting/washing the yantra [in that water], say: "Yantaṅ santaṅ itti siddhi brahma-bhagavā."

When inscribing a name, say: "Nāmanaṅ samāso yutakattho yutakattha" of all names. The teacher-master should mark the name with (ī): "ehi thāne, nāmatinethāne, nāmavītiṅkare." When wetting/washing the yantra, say: na — yearning; mo — thinking of [her]; phut — with a softened heart; chā — cannot bear to stay away; ya — come to me; na — with longing; mo — infatuated in mind; phut — weak of heart; chā — weeping; ya — come to me. To charm a woman's name, say: "Masīwaṅ (so-and-so), come; asīwaṅ (so-and-so), come; usīwaṅ (so-and-so), come; I summon (so-and-so)'s heart, come to me; (so-and-so) cannot bear to stay away, weeping, come to me." Chirati, namo buddhāya, namaphatha, chaphakasa, isawasu. Charm the woman's name and write it into the yantra.

[Diagram: a square yantra topped with a pedestal like a stupa base, surrounded by four overlapping circles resembling four petals; khom akkhara appear within each circle and at the corners of the square; at the centre of the square the word "name" (ชื่อ) is written, marked with a downward-pointing arrow; the khom akkhara are not confidently legible] Nasaramo, ailaimo, ho-abattikichamarasang, phutthopasatihangphutta, chakhunang, sappathoaholi, yasawisayati. Write his name and her name on a betel leaf, then take this formula and chant it while binding a thread around the yantra.

Om thamakan, om mafa, at the end bind and consume [the charm]. Whoever eats/receives it (?) — it strikes to the belly and the heart; they cannot bear to be without loving me, and will weep and come to me. Svāhā. Charm the areca nut for [the beloved] to eat; charm the powder and put it into a small vessel of water — a powerful charm of love.

[Yantra: a square frame with a circled khom character at each of the four corners, joined by cord-lines to each other; a cluster of characters hangs from the top line like a pendant. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.] [Yantra: a square frame with khom characters ranged three to a side along the top and bottom edges; the centre shows a Buddha image seated on a two-tiered pedestal. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

This yantra is placed inside an alms-bowl; it is [also] written and rolled up to serve as a candle-wick. If one wishes to cause [something/someone] to vanish: take two bricks alike in face, write the enemy's name on the face of both bricks, then draw water into a bowl. Write the yantra and let it float down into that bowl, then set the candle-wick with the enemy's name at the centre of the yantra. Next enshrine the image and press in the name. Take beeswax weighing 1 baht, work it into a candle placed upright at the mouth of the bowl. Take the two bricks and set them beneath as a rest. Recite over it with this spell: "Ma-a-u, U-a-ma, A-ma-u," [repeat]. Then lay the bricks in place beside the bowl. Recite the Five Buddhas' names 107 times; recite the Itipiso formula 107 rounds. Put the enemy's name underneath, then set your feet level with the bricks, one on each side. Then sprinkle the blessed water upon that person — [it causes] ruin; even if they are on good/close terms, that bond will be undone. Perform this many times.

[Circular yantra: two khom characters arranged at the top, a crossed cord-like knot at the centre of the circle, two more khom characters at the bottom. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Sammanitha, Thanisamma" [repeat]. This is the spell for consecrating the yantra: place it into a cake of sugar-cane syrup [and] put it with a kum-nam [plant], it makes for exceedingly strong loving-kindness (metta).

[Yantra shaped like a long tapering lozenge, pointed top and bottom: a small circle at each side and, running down the centre, three lines of a khom character repeated. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"The wife will love us."

[A similar but smaller lozenge-shaped yantra: a single khom character on the top line, then four further lines of khom characters arranged in two columns below. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

[The caption beneath is cut off at the edge of the page — illegible.]

[Yantra: a square frame; the top line holds three khom characters, the bottom line two khom characters paired together. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Write this yantra on the bottom of a creel [wicker fish/rice basket] — very good."

[Yantra: a square frame with khom characters strung in a long row along the top edge and along the bottom edge, several to a side; at the centre a circle holds one khom character at the very top, with four crossed petal-shapes below it around the central character, each petal marked with its own khom character. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

This yantra is called the Yantra of Phra Benja-sakha, First Branch ("ลูกปะถะมัง"); it is a yantra worthy of a single takrut roll. The akkhara "Yandang, Sandang, Vitrưngkhare" [repeat] — that is what is inscribed as the akkhara. The yant "Sandang, Vitrưngkhare" [repeat] — that is inscribed as the yant, and consecrated. "Unaloma, Pamachayake" [repeat] — that is inscribed as the unalom [spiral urna mark]. "Sothaya" [repeat]. Having bound the yantra, take the yantra-image of Phra Sri Nisingha [Narasingha] to stamp on the back of the Phra Benja-sakha [figure].

[Image: a Buddha figure seated on a two-tiered pedestal, marked with khom characters at the head and at the four corners. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

[Yantra: a square frame with a pair of khom characters placed outside each of the four corners; inside the frame, diagonal lines form a diamond joining the midpoints of each side, with a two-tiered pedestal drawn at the centre. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Write this yantra to seal a door strongly against ghosts."

[Yantra: a square frame divided into a 4-by-3 grid of 12 cells, each holding one khom character. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Write this yantra on a palm leaf [and] plant it at the four corners of the rice field, to keep worms from eating the rice."

[Yantra: a square frame divided into a 4-by-4 grid of 16 cells, each holding one khom character. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Write this yantra [and place it] in the rice granary, to keep rats from eating [the rice] — it will never run out."

[Yantra: a cross-shaped frame of nine compartments, eight of them marked with khom characters around the perimeter; the centre holds a two-tiered pedestal. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Write this yantra on the underside of a wax [cosmetic] box lid — it becomes a charm of attraction."

[Yantra: a small square frame divided into a 2-by-2 grid of four cells, each holding the same khom character repeated. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Write this yantra and hang it up, [so that] birds will not eat the rice."

[Yantra: a square frame with a khom character outside each of the four corners; inside, diagonal lines form a diamond joining the midpoints of each side, and the word "name" is written at the centre, leaving space for a person's name to be inscribed. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

Take two "rak" leaves and write his/her name and our name [on them]; press the two together. Take pure/virgin thread and wind it 7 times round; keep it under the sleeping-mat — it makes them love us very much. Take the number 7 and press the name onto the yantra; inscribe the letters and the number — it is said this calls [the two] to each other the way a boar is called to its mate, the same as in every place already written above, each corresponding in kind.

[Yantra: four curved shuttle-like petals, two above and two below, each marked with a khom character; the number 2 marks the upper-right petal; crossed diagonal lines join the four petals at the centre, where two khom characters are stacked. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

This yantra is rolled into a single takrut; it is exceedingly special, called "the rain of a hundred thousand," perfect in its seven virtues. Consecrate it yourself. Never mind facing a human enemy — even facing a spirit/deity foe, take courage and do not fear. Soak it in fragrant oil [illegible] — this has been handed down as trustworthy. If one wishes to strengthen it further, take 1 [piece of] Mon knife-back plant, 1 Mon scouring-grass, 1 kon-thi-so [plant], to thread the cord-hole of the takrut. It grants invulnerability (khongkrapan-chatri); its worth is set at a thousand tamlueng.

[Yantra: a knotted cord forming a figure-eight, with four circles — two above, two below — each containing one khom character; at the crossing point in the middle, two more khom characters are marked; along the bottom is a row of small repeated khom-character ornaments. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Jicaruni" — consecrate it, then rub the powder into a lime-container (a small betel-lime box); it becomes a charm of attraction.

[An eight-pointed star yantra: at the centre a small diamond frame holding khom characters and a small circle with a character inside; each of the eight points bears a small stupa/chedi-like emblem at its tip together with a khom character, and some points end in a wavy decorative flourish. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Namo Buddhaya, Nama Buddha, Ca-pha-ka-sa, Ka-ra-ma-ka, Ca-ta-pa-ka, Na-ka-pa-ya, Ka-ya-na-ma, Na-buddha-sa, Ika-witi, Jicaruni" [a Pali-style protective/attraction incantation, given here as chanted in Thai script; not literally translatable].

"Thasapana itiami buddhasang-i ithamami sanusang-i buddhasangmi chajakawi itipuri itthiyami titiuni imathiha pasu-ucha naka rema manakama kithameti chathi-asa namakara withasuti kanarasa wanang-sing yamapana akasana nasapatha wa-apaka cha-iwapa umaa-a kathapasang nasangtimo nasang sami nalilimo" [repeat] — [a Pali-style protective incantation given as chanted in Thai script; not literally translatable].

If a person recites it 9 times, small enemy forces will vanish in all 8 directions; foes cannot harm him; even enemies who come to kill will not manage to kill him; [protection covers] everything entirely. Wherever he goes, he becomes beloved to all the devas, and no creature can do him harm at all. Furthermore: take overlapping "rak" wood and carve it into an image of Phra Phra Khawampadi [Gavampati]; then take fragrant oil and sink that image down into the oil. Then sit in good meditative concentration, facing east, and wake the image so that it rises; then take the oil and anoint yourself with it on both eyes — this becomes a royal charm of attraction; kings, lords, and nobles will fear/respect us. If someone has bound [an image of us], have it face toward us, sit and recite the spell 19 times, and [the binding] will be broken off. This concludes the spell in brief.

[Image: a four-legged gecko/lizard with a long forked-tipped tail, marked with small khom characters near the head and near each of the four legs. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

A charm for playing dice/gambling: take one gecko [and its] tail, and inscribe the gecko yantra using a torn banana leaf. Make three leaf-trays, fill with puffed rice and flowers as offerings. Recite "Sappe Buddha," consecrate a sacred cotton thread (sai sin), lay it along the tail down onto the yantra, keep the yantra there with the head down. Then use this spell to call it: "Ohitacha mayawachanang karotha." When it comes, press it down onto the yantra 3 times [or] 7 times, then draw the sacred thread up to where it came from. Once it comes and presses against the yantra, it dies. Take it then, roast it over a fire to dry it, apply gold leaf to it, wrap it in white cloth, and make offerings twice a day with puffed rice and flowers. When about to go play [gamble], lift it and set it in one's hair, bite it above the head, then make one's wish according to desire. Then use this spell to rouse it: "Sunakkhattang sumangkalang suppawatangsu" [repeat]. When going to play, if it signals...

The 1st sign, play the 1st [round]; if it signals 2 times, play the 2nd [round]; if it signals 3 times, play the 3rd [round]; if it signals 4 times, play the 4th [round]. If eating rice porridge or rice curry, do not let it be added to or let anyone come close from behind. Place a stick crosswise beside you; do not let anyone come within [that boundary] at all. When going to play, do not speak to anyone about it — go straight to play alone, that is all.

[Yantra: a diamond-shaped frame divided into seven small compartments arranged diagonally from the top corner to the bottom corner, each holding a khom character; a small pedestal shape sits at the very top corner. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Samasu-awasama-a" [repeat]. This spell is for consecrating the yantra [to be] rolled into a takrut; it wards off everything — exceedingly special.

[Yantra: a design symmetrical left-to-right in three tiers, with stupa/chedi ornaments at the very top and very bottom, khom characters inside small circles and numerals marked at several points around it, and wavy decorative flourishes at the left and right ends. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

Write this yantra on a "rak" leaf; consecrate it with this spell: "Muthichitang phatthe-ehimaihantanang sakalo mayang thitsawa namittebi ariyakaranti" [repeat]. Write the [desired person's] name as one wishes, recite 107 times, and keep it under our bed — [then] they will be unable to bear not seeing our face at all. This has already been done and proven [effective].

[Yantra: a square frame divided into a 3-by-3 grid of nine cells, each holding one khom character. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"This yantra makes goods sell very well; it has been used and proven many times already — do not doubt it."

[Yantra: a shuttle-like curved shape crossing left and right, divided into three diamond-shaped compartments, each holding a khom character. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"Yangkang-pangyang, kangnang-yangkang-nangpang" [repeat]. Consecrate with a champa flower, [used] as [if it were] a bumblebee/carpenter-bee; apply also to the petals.

[Yantra: a square frame divided into a 3-by-3 grid of nine cells; eight cells hold khom characters, the centre cell holds a two-tiered pedestal image. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

"This yantra — one should inscribe it on a 'rak' leaf, soak it in oil, and consecrate it 8 times by oneself; it makes the goods being sold very popular."

[Yantra: a doubled crossed cord-knot forming a two-tier figure-eight, with four circles — two above, two below — no character clearly visible inside the circles.]

These two yantras together are for making into a mongkol (a sacred protective band).

Siddhikariya — this yantra, if one wishes to make a husband and wife who have been separated for 3 or 5 years reconcile: take earth from beside a mound on a path where people constantly go up and down, and mix it together. Then mould it into male and female figures. Take a "rak" leaf, write the man's name and place it on the female figure's chest; write the woman's name and place it on the male figure's chest. Then embrace the two figures together. Wrap them with this "Thep Ramluek" (Divine Remembrance) yantra; consecrate 18 times over 3 days [or] 7 days — they will love each other. If instead one wishes to part them, wrap with a "jak" leaf instead, and turn this figure so its back faces [the other]; bury it at a three-way crossroads — [so] they part from each other.

[An eight-pointed star yantra: at the centre, small overlapping diamond frames hold four khom characters; each of the eight points bears a small stupa/chedi emblem at its tip together with a khom character, and some tips have a wavy decorative flourish. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

With this yantra, light a candle-wick as an offering to the Buddha image, then take the ash of that candle-wick and mix it into beeswax weighing 1 baht. Melt/work it while reciting this spell: "Sappechana hahuchana mettakaruna sappasukhang chamahalaphang sappaphokchang changwinatsantang muthichitang rachamukhang khachamahalaphang biyangmama."

Recite continuously until the candle burns out entirely, then take a piece [of the resulting ash/wax] — this beeswax is exceedingly special. If going to meet a lord or ruler, or anyone at all — even one who is angry with us — the moment they see our face they will love us again. Before going, recite that spell over it 3 times, then apply the beeswax to 3 places: the crown of the head (1), the palate (1), the tip of the tongue (1); then go — this is a charm of attraction to all people, exceedingly special.

[Yantra: a crossed cord-knot forming a paired figure-eight, with four circles — two above, two below — each holding a khom character; at the central crossing point two more khom characters are marked; the smallest circle sits at the bottom end. The khom characters cannot be read with confidence.]

This yantra is called "Namo Khabok"; used to make a mongkol (protective band), it is very good for warding off danger and mishap.

[Yantra: an upright rectangular frame with a line of characters running along the top edge and further characters running along the left and right edges all the way around; inside the frame stand three stacked, three-tiered stupa/chedi images arranged vertically. Some of the characters along the border cannot be read with confidence.]

"Ehi itthilingang" { "Ahang laphicha laphang-laphasaka, purisalingang" } "loka puchiko sappethewa sappamanussapeyang rakkhandu mangsatha manussathewa puchikoiti" — [a Pali-style incantation for drawing good fortune, given as chanted in Thai script; not literally translatable]. If wishing for the good fortune of any particular person, write their name on a betel leaf and recite [the spell] over it. If making a love-charm candle, inscribe the Phra Chimphli [Sangkajai/wealth-deity] yantra, write that person's name, and recite by yourself until the candle burns out entirely — [they] will love [you/the target] deeply; then at daybreak they will come to us, just as wished for.

[Image: a circular yantra with a myna bird (นกสาริกา) drawn at the centre, encircled by a chain-like ring; four small cross-shaped grid-yantras sit at points around the ring, and khom/Thai characters run along the border too small to read with confidence.]

[Pali-style invocation, transcribed as printed — the syllables are formulaic and largely obscure/untranslatable as such:] "Ehibassiko suvaposako ayang raja suvanne-suvannea mahasarika rakkhanti... kissasasu vapoko tisava kangbiyangpukkang pukkame visineha hathayang sappasakhabiyaya mahabhoka mahayasa sappethewa biyayakkha ja thuthisa pachokhane rachamukha mathulasatchang khrochangmama pabunchanti." This formula is chanted to consecrate the golden-tongued myna-bird yantra (ยันต์สาริกาลิ้นทอง). If you wish to make a woman love you: write her name inside the yantra, in the middle of the bird figure, then write that yantra onto a folded love-letter (ใบรักซ้อน). Chant it 7 times together with betel nut and betel leaf, then go find her and speak — it will win her love, and it charms many people generally. If instead you wish to steep it in fragrant oil, that is also permitted, but in that case do not write anyone's name on it; chant it 108 times and steep it — this works very well.

[Image: a square yantra frame with small ring markers at each corner and at the midpoint of each side (eight in all); inside, a diamond divides the frame into eight triangular compartments, each holding a khom-script character too small/stylised to transcribe with confidence; a Thai numeral-like glyph sits at the centre.] [This yantra: inscribe it in the middle of the item — it makes for a very potent charm/love-magic.]

[Image: a 3×3 grid yantra with a frame and ring markers at the four corners; each of the nine cells holds a khom-script character too small/stylised to transcribe with confidence.] [This yantra: inscribe it on paper [and] a hand-cloth — mother and child will not die (a charm for safe childbirth).]

[Image: a triangular yantra formed by three curved loops crossing at the apex and at the two base corners; each loop-end carries a khom-script character, with further characters at the central crossing point and above the apex — none legible with confidence.] [This yantra: inscribe it on a hand-cloth and stroke the face with it — even an offense that merits death will not result in death. Consecrate it with the "imani..." formula, 3 times [or] 7 times.]

[Image: a four-lobed, clover-like yantra; each lobe carries a khom-script character, with a small stupa/chedi glyph at the centre, three more khom characters arranged below the lobes, and a small trident-like flourish at the very bottom — none of the characters legible with confidence.] [This yantra: inscribe it on paper and keep it in the mouth — excellent for escaping danger/close calls. Consecrate it yourself 108 times, or according to the day's [numerical] power, as you prefer.]